Sex, plasticity, and biologically significant variation in one Glomeromycotina species

Sanders, Ian R.

doi:10.1111/nph.15049

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It is, therefore, highly relevant to understand the molecular interactions that occur between closely related but genetically different coexisting R. irregularis genotypes within plant roots. Such interactions could potentially range from the transcription of genes that allow recognition between pairs of fungal genotypes to more direct interactions leading to sexual reproduction; a process that probably remains highly elusive to researchers because it may be very rare [7]. To date, we are not aware of any studies that have looked at such molecular interactions between AMF genotypes in planta.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the notion of complete asexuality in these taxa is unlikely because: (1) a full repertoire of genes required for meiosis is present in the genome of the model AM fungus R. irregularis [ 17 , 18 ]; (2) a putative MAT-locus has been proposed and identified in different Glomerales and Diversiporales species [ 19 ]; (3) population genetic data suggest the existence of recombination in AM fungus populations [ 20 ]; (4) some internucleus recombination has been reported [ 21 ], although the existence of adequate evidence to support this has recently been questioned [ 22 ]. Sexual reproduction in AMF may, indeed, occur frequently enough to purge deleterious mutations, but may not be frequent enough to be readily observable in experiments, making its experimental observation highly elusive [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coexistence of genetically different Rhizophagus irregularis isolates induces genes involved in a putative fungal mating response

et al. 2020

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are of great ecological importance because of their effects on plant growth. Closely related genotypes of the same AMF species coexist in plant roots. However, almost nothing is known about the molecular interactions occurring during such coexistence. We compared in planta AMF gene transcription in single and coinoculation treatments with two genetically different isolates of Rhizophagus irregularis in symbiosis independently on three genetically different cassava genotypes. Remarkably few genes were specifically upregulated when the two fungi coexisted. Strikingly, almost all of the genes with an identifiable putative function were known to be involved in mating in other fungal species. Several genes were consistent across host plant genotypes but more upregulated genes involved in putative mating were observed in host genotype (COL2215) compared with the two other host genotypes. The AMF genes that we observed to be specifically upregulated during coexistence were either involved in the mating pheromone response, in meiosis, sexual sporulation or were homologs of MAT-locus genes known in other fungal species. We did not observe the upregulation of the expected homeodomain genes contained in a putative AMF MAT-locus, but observed upregulation of HMG-box genes similar to those known to be involved in mating in Mucoromycotina species. Finally, we demonstrated that coexistence between the two fungal genotypes in the coinoculation treatments explained the number of putative mating response genes activated in the different plant host genotypes. This study demonstrates experimentally the activation of genes involved in a putative mating response and represents an important step towards the understanding of coexistence and sexual reproduction in these important plant symbionts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of genetically different Rhizophagus irregularis isolates induces genes involved in a putative fungal mating response

et al. 2020

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“…Our result illustrates, for the specific case of genomic diversity in an individual, how life history and ecology can select for “generalist” phenotypes (Hedrick, Ginevan, & Ewing, ; Levins, ; Levins & MacArthur, ). Furthermore, our model implies that genomic diversity might be favored in some, but not all environments (Sanders, ). Discrepancies between different empirical estimates of genomic diversity in natural AM fungi populations might reflect environmental differences in either: (a) the density of plants (which may affect the returns on nucleus specialization); or (b) the mixture of different plant types.…”

Section: Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extent of genomic diversity in AM fungi is a matter of considerable debate, which is beyond the scope of our paper (Lin et al, ; Maeda et al, ; Ropars & Corradi, ; Tisserant et al, ; Wyss et al, ). Our aim is to examine how, if diversity exists, it could plausibly be maintained (Bruns, Corradi, Redecker, Taylor, & Öpik, ; Sanders, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary maintenance of genomic diversity within arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Scott

Kiers

Cooper

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Most organisms are built from a single genome. In striking contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi appear to maintain genomic variation within an individual fungal network. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi dwell in the soil, form mutualistic networks with plants, and bear multiple, potentially genetically diverse nuclei within a network. We explore, from a theoretical perspective, why such genetic diversity might be maintained within individuals. We consider selection acting within and between individual fungal networks. We show that genetic diversity could provide a benefit at the level of the individual, by improving growth in variable environments, and that this can stabilize genetic diversity even in the presence of nuclear conflict. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi complicate our understanding of organismality, but our findings offer a way of understanding such biological anomalies.

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“…Thus, after a slight demotion, AM fungi appear somewhat more traditional than originally thought. Regardless, many aspects of their biology are still a mystery including extensive variation in their ability to promote plant growth, as pointed out in a Letter from Sanders (; in this issue of New Phytologist , pp. 968–970).…”

Section: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐scale integration of mycorrhizal function

et al. 2018

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Sex, plasticity, and biologically significant variation in one Glomeromycotina species

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Coexistence of genetically different Rhizophagus irregularis isolates induces genes involved in a putative fungal mating response

Coexistence of genetically different Rhizophagus irregularis isolates induces genes involved in a putative fungal mating response

Evolutionary maintenance of genomic diversity within arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Cross‐scale integration of mycorrhizal function

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