Cross‐scale integration of mycorrhizal function

Martin, Francis; Harrison, Maria J.; Lennon, Sarah; Lindahl, Björn D.; Öpik, Maarja; Polle, Andrea; Requena, Natalia; Selosse, Marc‐André

doi:10.1111/nph.15493

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Approximately 85 % (˜340,000 species) of all plant species are colonized by mycorrhizal fungi (˜50,000 species) (van der Heijden et al, 2015;Brundrett and Tedersoo, 2018;Genre et al, 2020). The most ancient and widely spread symbiosis is formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Bonfante and Anca, 2009;Martin et al, 2018). In forests of the temperate and boreal zone, ectomycorrhizal symbioses with the roots of tree species are predominant (Brundrett, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

et al. 2020

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Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) grow as saprotrophs in soil and interact with plants, forming mutualistic associations with roots of many economically and ecologically important forest tree genera. EMF ensheath the root tips and produce an extensive extramatrical mycelium for nutrient uptake from the soil. In contrast to other mycorrhizal fungal symbioses, EMF do not invade plant cells but form an interface for nutrient exchange adjacent to the cortex cells. The interaction of roots and EMF affects host stress resistance but uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms is an emerging topic. Here, we focused on local and systemic effects of EMF modulating defenses against insects or pathogens in aboveground tissues in comparison with arbuscular mycorrhizal induced systemic resistance. Molecular studies indicate a role of chitin in defense activation by EMF in local tissues and an immune response that is induced by yet unknown signals in aboveground tissues. Volatile organic compounds may be involved in long-distance communication between below- and aboveground tissues, in addition to metabolite signals in the xylem or phloem. In leaves of EMF-colonized plants, jasmonate signaling is involved in transcriptional re-wiring, leading to metabolic shifts in the secondary and nitrogen-based defense metabolism but cross talk with salicylate-related signaling is likely. Ectomycorrhizal-induced plant immunity shares commonalities with systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. We highlight novel developments and provide a guide to future research directions in EMF-induced resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

et al. 2020

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“…Despite having small yield penalties, mutants for MLO have been deployed in agriculture for decades. Understanding the role of MLO in symbiotic interactions with mycorrhizal fungi is therefore vital information for sustainable agriculture (Martin et al, 2018). Our detailed phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses in both cereals and M. truncatula provide the basis for further elucidation of MLO function in mycorrhization and how plants balance this beneficial association with susceptibility to parasitic powdery mildews.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mildew Locus O facilitates colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza in angiosperms

Jacott

Charpentier

Murray

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Loss of barley Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) is known to confer durable and robust resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), a biotrophic fungal leaf pathogen.Based on the increased expression of MLO in mycorrhizal roots and its presence in a clade of the MLO family that is specific to mycorrhizal-host species, we investigated the potential role of MLO in arbuscular mycorrhizal interactions.• Using mutants from barley, wheat, and Medicago truncatula, we demonstrate a role for MLO in colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus irregularis.• Early mycorrhizal colonization was reduced in mlo mutants of barley, wheat and Medicago truncatula, and this was accompanied by a pronounced decrease in the expression of many of the key genes required for intracellular accommodation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

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“…There is mounting evidence that the plant pathway to nodulation is derived from the more general pathway for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Parniske, 2008;Op den Camp et al, 2011;Kereszt & Konorosi, 2011;Oldroyd et al, 2011;Martin, 2008;Martin et al, 2018Martin et al, , 2016Martin et al, , 2017Strullu-Derrien et al, 2018). Fig.…”

Section: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Arbuscule Inceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants make galls to accommodate foreigners: some are friends, most are foes

Harris

Pitzschke

2020

New Phytologist

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At the colonization site of a foreign entity, plant cells alter their trajectory of growth and development. The resulting structurea plant gallaccommodates various needs of the foreigner, which are phylogenetically diverse: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, oomycetes, true fungi, parasitic plants, and many types of animals, including rotifers, nematodes, insects, and mites. The plant species that make galls also are diverse. We assume gall production costs the plant. All is well if the foreigner provides a gift that makes up for the cost. Nitrogen-fixing nodule-inducing bacteria provide nutritional services. Gall wasps pollinate fig trees. Unfortunately for plants, most galls are made for foes, some of which are deeply studied pathogens and pests: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Rhodococcus fascians, Xanthomonas citri, Pseudomonas savastanoi, Pantoea agglomerans, 'Candidatus' phytoplasma, rust fungi, Ustilago smuts, root knot and cyst nematodes, and gall midges. Galls are an understudied phenomenon in plant developmental biology. We propose gall inception for discovering unifying features of the galls that plants make for friends and foes, talk about molecules that plants and gall-inducers use to get what they want from each other, raise the question of whether plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi respond in a gall-like manner, and present a research agenda.'Only connect!' E. M. Forster, Howard's End

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Cross‐scale integration of mycorrhizal function

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Mildew Locus O facilitates colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza in angiosperms

Plants make galls to accommodate foreigners: some are friends, most are foes

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