Sex Maintenance in Mammals

Jiménez, Rafael; Burgos, Miguel; Barrionuevo, Francisco

doi:10.3390/genes12070999

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…In the adult gonads, more meiosis-related genes were upregulated in the testicle in comparison to the ovary, whilst in all the prenatal periods the meiosis genes were mostly upregulated in the ovary. The same pattern was observed for the 17 differentially expressed genes in all developmental periods, except for SERPINA5 and SOX9, which maintain the upregulation in the testicle in both prenatal and adults periods, as expected considering their roles in male reproduction ( Yang and Geiger, 2017 ; Selvam et al, 2019 ; Jiménez et al, 2021 ) ( Figure 2 ). These 17 genes are mainly related to processes involved in homologous chromosome pairing, recombination, and segregation ( Supplementary Table S5 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…SERPINA5 and SOX9 were upregulated in the testicle in both prenatal and adult periods. SOX9 is a transcription factor expressed in the Sertoli cells of the male gonad throughout life ( Jiménez et al, 2021 ). At the time of sex determination, the expression of the Y-linked, sex determining-region - SRY - in the Sertoli cells leads to the upregulation of SOX9 , which activates male-promoting genes necessary for the differentiation of Sertoli cells into the testicle cords ( Jiménez et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SOX9 is a transcription factor expressed in the Sertoli cells of the male gonad throughout life ( Jiménez et al, 2021 ). At the time of sex determination, the expression of the Y-linked, sex determining-region - SRY - in the Sertoli cells leads to the upregulation of SOX9 , which activates male-promoting genes necessary for the differentiation of Sertoli cells into the testicle cords ( Jiménez et al, 2021 ). SERPINA5 encodes a glycoprotein with an inhibitory effect in several serine proteases; in seminal plasma, inactivates several serine proteases implicated in the reproductive system, and has a control on the sperm motility and fertilization ( GeneCards, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression profiles of meiotic genes in male vs. female gonads and gametes: Insights into fertility issues

et al. 2023

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Gametes are specialized cells that, at fertilization, give rise to a totipotent zygote capable of generating an entire organism. Female and male germ cells undergo meiosis to produce mature gametes; however, sex-specific events of oogenesis and spermatogenesis contribute to specific roles of gametes in reproductive issues. We investigate the differential gene expression (DGE) of meiosis-related genes in human female and male gonads and gametes in normal and pathological conditions. The transcriptome data for the DGE analysis was obtained through the Gene Expression Omnibus repository, comprising human ovary and testicle samples of the prenatal period and adulthood, additionally to male (non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and teratozoospermia), and female (polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and advanced maternal age) reproductive conditions. Gene ontology terms related to meiosis were associated with 678 genes, of which 17 genes in common were differentially expressed between the testicle and ovary during the prenatal period and adulthood. Except for SERPINA5 and SOX9, the 17 meiosis-related genes were downregulated in the testicle during the prenatal period and upregulated in adulthood compared to the ovary. No differences were observed in the oocytes of PCOS patients; however, meiosis-related genes were differentially expressed according to the patient’s age and maturity of the oocyte. In NOA and teratozoospermia, 145 meiosis-related genes were differentially expressed in comparison to the control, including OOEP; despite no recognized role in male reproduction, OOEP was co-expressed with genes related to male fertility. Taking together, these results shed light on potential genes that might be relevant to comprehend human fertility disorders.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression profiles of meiotic genes in male vs. female gonads and gametes: Insights into fertility issues

et al. 2023

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“…In most mammals, in accordance with the egg karyotype at fertilization, the determination of somatic sex is initiated in undifferentiated embryonic gonads at 10.5–12.5 dpc in mice and at ∼week 7 of gestation in humans via the expression of male ( SRY , SOX9 ) or female ( RSPO1 , WNT4 ) specific genes ( Nef et al, 2019 ; Yildirim et al, 2020 ), and is actively maintained throughout reproductive life ( Jimenez et al, 2021 ). Once differentiated, the somatic-supporting lineage (Sertoli cells in males and granulosa cells in females) controls the differentiation of germ cells, the precursors of gametes that are crucial for reproductive function.…”

Section: Development and Maturation Of The Reproductive Tract And Pot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Experimental Models to Decipher the Effects of Acetaminophen and NSAIDs on Reproductive Development and Health

et al. 2022

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), diclofenac and ibuprofen (IBU), and analgesic drugs, such as acetaminophen (APAP, or paracetamol), are widely used to treat inflammation and pain. APAP and IBU are over-the-counter drugs and are among the most commonly taken drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy, even in combination. Furthermore, these drugs and their metabolites are released in the environment, and can be frequently detected in wastewater, surface water, and importantly in drinking water. Although their environmental concentrations are much lower than the therapeutics doses, this suggests an uncontrolled low-dose exposure of the general population, including pregnant women and young children, two particularly at risk populations. Epidemiological studies show that exposure to these molecules in the first and second trimester of gestation can favor genital malformations in new-born boys. To investigate the cellular, molecular and mechanistic effects of exposure to these molecules, ex vivo studies with human or rodent gonadal explants and in vivo experiments in rodents have been performed in the past years. This review recapitulates recent data obtained in rodent models after in utero or postnatal exposure to these drugs. The first part of this review discusses the mechanisms by which NSAIDs and analgesics may impair gonadal development and maturation, puberty development, sex hormone production, maturation and function of adult organs, and ultimately fertility in the exposed animals and their offspring. Like other endocrine disruptors, NSAIDs and APAP interfere with endocrine gland function and may have inter/transgenerational adverse effects. Particularly, they may target germ cells, resulting in reduced quality of male and female gametes, and decreased fertility of exposed individuals and their descendants. Then, this review discusses the effects of exposure to a single drug (APAP, aspirin, or IBU) or to combinations of drugs during early embryogenesis, and the consequences on postnatal gonadal development and adult reproductive health. Altogether, these data may increase medical and public awareness about these reproductive health concerns, particularly in women of childbearing age, pregnant women, and parents of young children.

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“…Then these genetically determined gonads start to produce sex hormones, which in turn drive the sexual differentiation of the body (i.e. phenotypic sex) [ 137 ]. Although it has traditionally been accepted that sex hormones masculinize or feminize the body [ 138 ], during the last 30 years evidence has accumulated that direct sex chromosome effects also help to establish sex differences independently of sex hormones.…”

Section: Y Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-limited chromosomes and non-reproductive traits

2022

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Sex chromosomes are typically viewed as having originated from a pair of autosomes, and differentiated as the sex-limited chromosome (e.g. Y) has degenerated by losing most genes through cessation of recombination. While often thought that degenerated sex-limited chromosomes primarily affect traits involved in sex determination and sex cell production, accumulating evidence suggests they also influence traits not sex-limited or directly involved in reproduction. Here, we provide an overview of the effects of sex-limited chromosomes on non-reproductive traits in XY, ZW or UV sex determination systems, and discuss evolutionary processes maintaining variation at sex-limited chromosomes and molecular mechanisms affecting non-reproductive traits.

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Sex Maintenance in Mammals

Cited by 13 publications

References 105 publications

Expression profiles of meiotic genes in male vs. female gonads and gametes: Insights into fertility issues

Expression profiles of meiotic genes in male vs. female gonads and gametes: Insights into fertility issues

Using Experimental Models to Decipher the Effects of Acetaminophen and NSAIDs on Reproductive Development and Health

Sex-limited chromosomes and non-reproductive traits

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