Sex-linked inheritance of endosulphan resistance in Helicoverpa armigera

Abstract

Endosulphan resistance is common in Australian populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), but resistance frequencies have not increased above 10-40% of the population, despite widespread use of this insecticide. We examined the inheritance of endosulphan resistance as part of a study of its evolution. Two field-resistant strains were selected in the laboratory. Results from a series of F 1 s and backcrosses in both larvae and adults indicated that resistance was sex-linked, with almost complete dosage compensation in the hemizygous females. In males, resistance was partially dominant in fourth instar larvae but semi-recessive in adults. Estimates of resistance factors depended on the life stage and instar tested and on the bioassay method used. In larvae, resistance factors were highest in neonates (14-fold) and then declined to twofold in fifth instar larvae. Our results indicate that the genetic basis of resistance should enhance the rate of evolution in field populations compared with an autosomal locus.

Tebufenozide resistance is associated with sex‐linked inheritance in Plutella xylostella

“…Further analysis showed that the male and female larvae of resistant strain had different sensitivity to tebufenozide, which suggested that the inheritance of tebufenozide resistance in DBM was linked to the W sex chromosome. This was consistent with other resistance studies (Kerr, ; Avery, ; Heather, ; McDonald & Schmidt, ; McDonald & Schmidt, ; Roehrdanz, ; Daly & Fisk, ; Carrière, ; Asser‐Kaiser et al ., ). Possible explanations were that resistance was related to the gene on the W chromosome or an autosomal chromosome only expressed in females or males.…”

“…Many researchers believe that directional selection for sex‐linked resistance could lead to more rapid increases in allele frequency than directional selection for resistance carried autosomally, which might increase the difficulty in delaying the development and management of resistance (Avery, ; Heather, ; Daly & Fisk, ; McDonald & Schmidt, ; Follet et al ., ). Daly and Fisk () reported that endosulfan resistance in Helicoverpa armigera appears to show sex‐linked inheritance and they thought that this mode of inheritance would enhance, rather than retard, the rate of evolution. Asser‐Kaiser et al .…”

Mode of Inheritance of Amitraz Resistance in a Brazilian Strain of the Southern Cattle Tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)*

“…The involvement of multiple genes and the maternal effect on the resistance level to diflubenzuron were similarly demonstrated in a laboratoryselected strain of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Kotze and Sales 2001). Although sex-linked inheritance of pesticide resistance has been demonstrated in several insect species (Daly and Fisk 1998;de Lame et al 2001;Shearer and Usmani 2001), we were unable to test sex-related response in B. microplus because we used a modified FAO larval bioassay technique to test larvae for which males and females are indistinguishable. The mode of resistance to amitraz in nymphs and adult ticks may not necessarily be the same as in the larvae.…”

“…The mode of resistance to amitraz in nymphs and adult ticks may not necessarily be the same as in the larvae. It has been demonstrated in Helicoverpa armigera that resistance to endosulphan was partially dominant in larvae but semi-recessive in adults (Daly and Fisk 1998). Compared with autosomally inherited traits, the sexlinked resistance may enhance or retard the rate of evolution of resistance (McDonald and Schmidt 1990;Daly and Fisk 1998).…”

“…It has been demonstrated in Helicoverpa armigera that resistance to endosulphan was partially dominant in larvae but semi-recessive in adults (Daly and Fisk 1998). Compared with autosomally inherited traits, the sexlinked resistance may enhance or retard the rate of evolution of resistance (McDonald and Schmidt 1990;Daly and Fisk 1998). Tapia-Perez et al (2003) observed reduced egg mass weight in a pyrethroidresistant strain of B. microplus, which was suggested to be a resistance-related fitness cost.…”