Sex Identification of Japanese Black Bear, Ursus thibetanus japonicus, by PCR based on Amelogenin Gene.

Yamamoto, Kaori; Tsubota, Toshio; Komatsu, Takeshi; Katayama, Atsushi; Murase, Tetsuma; Kita, Isao; Kudo, Tadaaki

doi:10.1292/jvms.64.505

Cited by 62 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…The lack of triplet insertions in AMELY versus AMELX exon 6 allows to easily discriminate males from females in lineages possessing the hot spot of mutation, e.g. bovids [Weikard et al, 2006] and ursids [Yamamoto et al, 2002]. Large deletions ( 6 9 residues) are found in dolphin, Weddell seal, panda and roundleaf bat (Microchiroptera).…”

Section: Amel Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin and Evolution of Enamel Mineralization Genes

Sire

Davit-Béal

Delgado

et al. 2007

Cells Tissues Organs

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Background/Aims: Enamel and enameloid were identified in early jawless vertebrates, about 500 million years ago (MYA). This suggests that enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) have at least the same age. We review the current data on the origin, evolution and relationships of enamel mineralization genes. Methods and Results: Three EMPs are secreted by ameloblasts during enamel formation: amelogenin (AMEL), ameloblastin (AMBN) and enamelin (ENAM). Recently, two new genes, amelotin (AMTN) and odontogenic ameloblast associated (ODAM), were found to be expressed by ameloblasts during maturation, increasing the group of ameloblast-secreted proteins to five members. The evolutionary analysis of these five genes indicates that they are related: AMEL is derived from AMBN, AMTN and ODAM are sister genes, and all are derived from ENAM. Using molecular dating, we showed that AMBN/AMEL duplication occurred >600 MYA. The large sequence dataset available for mammals and reptiles was used to study AMEL evolution. In the N- and C-terminal regions, numerous residues were unchanged during >200 million years, suggesting that they are important for the proper function of the protein. Conclusion: The evolutionary analysis of AMEL led to propose a dataset that will be useful to validate AMEL mutations leading to X- linked AI.

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Section: Amel Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin and Evolution of Enamel Mineralization Genes

Sire

Davit-Béal

Delgado

et al. 2007

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…Considering that the exonic splicing site in exon 6 has been eliminated in human and bovine AMGY, and that the AMGX splicing products (LRAP) are probably involved in the early stages of tooth eruption as regulatory signals, these authors have speculated that AMGY could benefit males through a delay in primary tooth development and weaning. Nevertheless, this hypothesis of a functional role of AMGY lacking LRAP is not solid in that the AMGY possesses unchanged LRAP splicing sites in some species, e.g., the Sika deer (Yamauchi et al 2000) and the Japanese black bear (Yamamoto et al 2002). So far, the function of the amelogenin proteins coded by AMGY remains an enigma.…”

Section: Sequence Conservation and Alternative Rna Splicingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Evolution of Amelogenin in Mammals

2005

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Abstract. An evolutionary analysis of mammalian amelogenin, the major protein of forming enamel, was conducted by comparison of 26 sequences (including 14 new ones) representative of the main mammalian lineages. Amelogenin shows highly conserved residues in the hydrophilic N-and C-terminal regions. The central hydrophobic region (most of exon 6) is more variable, but it has conserved a high amount of proline and glutamine located in triplets, PXQ, indicating that these residues play an important role. This region evolves more rapidly, and is less constrained, than the other well-conserved regions, which are subjected to strong constraints. The comparison of the substitution rates in relation to the CpG richness confirmed that the highly conserved regions are subjected to strong selective pressures. The amino acids located at important sites and the residues known to lead to amelogenesis imperfecta when substituted were present in all sequences examined. Evolutionary analysis of the variable region of exon 6 points to a particular zone, rich in either amino acid insertion or deletion. We consider this region a hot spot of mutation for the mammalian amelogenin. In this region, numerous triplet repeats (PXQ) have been inserted recently and independently in five lineages, while most of the hydrophobic exon 6 region probably had its origin in several rounds of triplet insertions, early in vertebrate evolution. The putative ancestral DNA sequence of the mammalian amelogenin was calculated using a maximum likelihood approach. The putative ancestral protein was composed of 177 residues. It already contained all important amino acid positions known to date, its hydrophobic variable region was rich in proline and glutamine, and it contained triplet repeats PXQ as in the modern sequences.

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“…Esta proteína está ahora bien caracterizada a partir de los datos de secuencias de aminoácidos que han demostrado estar en un alto grado de homología entre todas las especies investigadas hasta la fecha (Yamamoto et al ,2002).…”

Section: Gen Amelogeninaunclassified

“…El análisis simultáneo de estos dos genes es de gran utilidad en la identificación del sexo debido a que genera productos de amplificación del cromosoma X e Y, gracias a la amplificación de ambas regiones en un mismo tubo de reacción, el gen de la amelogenina ofrece la ventaja de tener al cromosoma X como control interno que siempre debe amplificar (Yamamoto et al ,2002). Lo que ha convertido a esta prueba en la preferida y más confiable en el análisis del sexo en diferentes especies.…”

Section: Gen Amelogeninaunclassified

Sexaje Molecular a Partir de Heces en Osos de Anteojos (Tremarctos ornatus)

S¹,

Maturrano

2016

Rev. investig. vet. Perú

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El oso de anteojos (Tremarctos ornatus) se encuentra vulnerable debido a la caza y destrucción de su medio ambiente y es de difícil observación en vida libre, lo que obstaculiza su manejo e investigación, por lo que el uso de muestras no invasivas como heces se convierte en una gran herramienta. El objetivo del presente estudio fue adaptar una técnica de sexado mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de ADN extraído de células exfoliadas del colon presentes en muestras de heces. Se utilizaron 17 muestras (10 de hembras y 7 de machos) de osos de sexo conocido y criados en cautiverio en cuatro instituciones de la zona de Lima, Perú. Para la extracción de ADN se utilizó un kit comercial específico para heces. Se logró extraer de 20 a 30 ng de ADN de cada muestra. Mediante PCR se evaluaron dos secuencias de genes: amelogenina con los cebadores SE47-SE48 y la región determinante del sexo en el cromosoma Y (SRY) con los cebadores SRYB3- SRYB5. Con el gen de amelogenina se logró sexar a los 17 osos (100%), mientras que con el gen SRY no se logró el sexado. Se concluye que con el gen amelogenina hay una coincidencia de 100% entre el sexo conocido y el sexo hallado mediante PCR de ADN extraído de heces.

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Sex Identification of Japanese Black Bear, Ursus thibetanus japonicus, by PCR based on Amelogenin Gene.

Cited by 62 publications

References 12 publications

The Origin and Evolution of Enamel Mineralization Genes

The Origin and Evolution of Enamel Mineralization Genes

Molecular Evolution of Amelogenin in Mammals

Sexaje Molecular a Partir de Heces en Osos de Anteojos (Tremarctos ornatus)

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