Sex Hormones and Lung Inflammation

Montaño, Luis Manuel; Carbajal‐García, Abril; Wang, Yong-Xiao

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_15

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 710 publications

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“…CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CRP, C-reactive protein; HK, high-molecular-weight kininogen. estrogens in neutrophilic inflammation (40) and our results revealing an increase in estradiol amounts in women with CAP, encourage further research on the role of an estrogen neutrophil FXII axis in lung infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Sex-specific differences in plasma levels of FXII, HK, and FXIIa-C1-esterase inhibitor complexes in community-acquired pneumonia

Ehrlich

Wilhelm

Markart

et al. 2021

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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Sex-dependent differences in immunity and coagulation play an active role in the outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Contact phase proteins act at the crossroads between inflammation and coagulation thus representing a point of convergence in host defense against infection. Here, we measured the levels of factor XII (FXII), FXIIa-C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH) complexes, and high molecular weight kininogen (HK) in plasma of CAP patients and correlated them to clinical disease severity. Levels of FXIIa-C1INH/albumin ratio were elevated, irrespective of sex, in plasma of CAP patients (n=139) as compared to age-matched donors (n=58). No simultaneous decrease in FXII levels, indicating its consumption, was observed. Stratification by sex revealed augmented FXII levels in plasma of CAP women as compared to sex-matched donors yet no apparent differences in men. This sex-specific effect was, however, attributable to lower FXII levels in female donors relative to men donors. Plasma estradiol levels mirrored those for FXII. Levels of HK/albumin ratio were decreased in CAP plasma as compared to donors, however, after stratification by sex, this difference was only observed in women and was related to higher HK/albumin values in female donors as opposed to male donors. Finally, strong negative correlation between plasma levels of HK/albumin ratio and CAP severity, as assessed by CRB65 score, in males and females was observed. Our study identifies sex-dependent differences in plasma levels of the contact phase proteins in elderly subjects that may contribute to specific clinical outcomes in CAP between men and women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Sex-specific differences in plasma levels of FXII, HK, and FXIIa-C1-esterase inhibitor complexes in community-acquired pneumonia

Ehrlich

Wilhelm

Markart

et al. 2021

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

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“…2,28,29 Current findings may partially support this hypothesis, as the progressive-although slow and only partial-recovery of circulating T levels would seem to go in the direction of a tT also acting as a marker of severity of an overall severely compromised health condition. Second hypothesis was that androgens per se are poorly protective over the immune response in males as compared with the actual ability of estrogens (along with progesterone) to provide adequate protection to females, even stimulating the humoral response to viral infections [30][31][32][33] ; as a consequence, male T production undergoes a dramatic impact because of SARS-CoV-2…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone in males with COVID‐19: A 7‐month cohort study

et al. 2021

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Background: Circulating testosterone levels have been found to be reduced in men with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, COVID-19, with lower levels being associated with more severe clinical outcomes. Objectives:We aimed to assess total testosterone levels and the prevalence of total testosterone still suggesting for hypogonadism at 7-month follow-up in a cohort of 121 men who recovered from laboratory-confirmed COVID-19.Materials and methods: Demographic, clinical, and hormonal values were collected for all patients. Hypogonadism was defined as total testosterone ≤9.2 nmol/L. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was used to score health-significant comorbidities. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear and logistic regression models tested the association between clinical and laboratory variables and total testosterone levels at follow-up assessment.

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“…It is unlikely that there are differences in the sex-linked odds of carriage in children, whereas adults and adolescents will exhibit hormone effects on the immune system. These have been recently reviewed in the lung, with androgens generally considered anti-inflammatory and oestrogens pro-inflammatory [ 18 ] in the context of chronic lung disease. The delicate balance that determines mucosal immunity in response to acute challenge will differ from that in chronic inflammation and is a focus of our group's work [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of sex, season and environmental air quality on experimental human pneumococcal carriage acquisition: a retrospective cohort analysis

et al. 2022

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most common identified bacterial cause of pneumonia, and the leading infectious cause of death in children under five years of age worldwide. Pneumococcal disease follows a seasonal pattern with increased incidence during winter. Pneumonia burden is also associated with poor air quality. Nasopharyngeal carriage of the bacterium is a pre-requisite of invasive disease.We aimed to determine if susceptibility to nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage varied by season, and which environmental factors might explain such variation. We also evaluated the influence of sex on susceptibility of carriage. We collated data from five studies in which human volunteers underwent intranasal pneumococcal challenge. Generalised linear mixed effects models were used to identify factors associated with altered risk of carriage acquisition, specifically climate and air-quality data.During 2011–2017, 374 healthy adults were challenged with type 6B pneumococcus. Odds of carriage were significantly lower in males (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40–0.92; p=0.02), and higher with cooler temperatures (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63–0.99; p=0.04). Likelihood of carriage also associated with lower concentrations of local fine particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5) and increased local rainfall.In contrast to epidemiologic series, experimental challenge allowed us to test propensity to acquisition during controlled exposures; immunologic explanations for sex and climatic differences should be sought.

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Sex Hormones and Lung Inflammation

Cited by 35 publications

References 710 publications

Sex-specific differences in plasma levels of FXII, HK, and FXIIa-C1-esterase inhibitor complexes in community-acquired pneumonia

Sex-specific differences in plasma levels of FXII, HK, and FXIIa-C1-esterase inhibitor complexes in community-acquired pneumonia

Testosterone in males with COVID‐19: A 7‐month cohort study

Influence of sex, season and environmental air quality on experimental human pneumococcal carriage acquisition: a retrospective cohort analysis

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