Sex hormone regulation of tear lipocalin in the rabbit lacrimal gland

Seamon, V.; Vellala, K.; Zylberberg, Claudia; Ponamareva, Olga; Azzarolo, Ana Maria

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2008.05.012

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The present study revealed that intercalated ducts were lined with simple squamous epithelium and simple cuboidal epithelium in other. This investigation is partially goes in hand with Seamon et al (2008) in rabbit and dog, Abbasi et al (2014) in Lori sheep and El-Fadaly et al (2014) in adult albino rat who reported that the intercalated ducts have only simple cuboidal epithelium lining cells. On the contrary, Shaker and AL-Obeady (2016) revealed that there are no intercalated ducts in the dog.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The structural characterization of the lacrimal gland in the adult dog (Canis familiaris)

El-naseery

El-behery

El-Ghazali

et al. 2016

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

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To elucidate the macroscopical and microscopical structure of dog's lacrimal gland, 15 adult dogs (Canis familiaris) were utilized in this study. Macroscopically, the lacrimal gland was located on the dorsolateral aspect of the eyeball and bounded dorsolaterally by the orbital ligament, zygomatic process of the frontal bone and frontal process of malar bone. Its shape was nearly rectangular with the average width (1.38 ± 0.13 cm) and length (1.52 ±0.12 cm). In between the dorsal and lateral rectus muscles, the lacrimal artery, vein and nerve were observed. Microscopically, the lacrimal gland was enveloped by the fibromuscular capsule and lobulated. Each lobule was formed of secretory endpieces and ducts. The secretory endpieces were mucous and serous. However, the mucous type was predominant. The lining cells of the secretory endpieces expressed a positive reaction to alcian blue and Periodic acid Shiff. A series of duct system within the lobules and septa was seen. The scanning electron microscopic examination revealed that the secretory endpieces covered with granular secretory substance. Several crystals with sharp taper ends were seen around the secretory endpieces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The structural characterization of the lacrimal gland in the adult dog (Canis familiaris)

El-naseery

El-behery

El-Ghazali

et al. 2016

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal

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“…Consistent with this possibility are some (Sato and Sullivan, 1994; Sullivan, 2004; Toda et al, 1999), but not other (Affinito et al, 2003; Arakaki et al, 2010; Azzarolo et al, 2003; Forsblad-d'Elia et al, 2009; Guaschino et al, 2003; Hayashi et al, 2004; Ishimaru et al, 2003; Ishimaru et al, 1999; Kuscu et al, 2003; Mostafa et al, 2012; Pelit et al, 2003; Shim et al, 2004; Sullivan, 2004; Takahashi et al, 1997; Taner et al, 2004), research findings. Indeed, with the possible exception of specific genes (Suzuki et al, 2006), no consensus exists concerning the cellular targets for, or the cellular processes that may be regulated by, estrogens in lacrimal tissue (Affinito et al, 2003; Azzarolo et al, 2003; Imbert et al, 2009; Ishimaru et al, 2008; Kuscu et al, 2003; Paliwal and De, 2006; Pelit et al, 2003; Sato and Sullivan, 1994; Seamon et al, 2008; Srikantan and De, 2008; Srikantan et al, 2007; Sullivan, 2004; Suzuki et al, 2006; Taner et al, 2004; Zylberberg et al, 2007). In fact, it has not yet even been established whether estrogens have functional receptors in the lacrimal gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does estrogen deficiency cause lacrimal gland inflammation and aqueous-deficient dry eye in mice?

Darabad¹,

Suzuki²,

Richards³

et al. 2014

Experimental Eye Research

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Researchers have proposed that estrogen deficiency will lead to a Sjögren's syndrome (SjS)-like lacrimal gland inflammation, aqueous tear deficiency and dry eye. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this proposal is correct. Lacrimal glands were obtained from adult, age-matched wild type (WT) and aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice, in which estrogen synthesis is completely eliminated. Tissues were also obtained from autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice as inflammation controls. Tear volumes in WT and ArKO mice were measured and glands were processed for molecular biological and histological evaluation. Our results demonstrate that estrogen absence does not lead to a SjS-like inflammation in lacrimal tissue or to an aqueous-deficient dry eye. There was no upregulation of genes associated with inflammatory pathways in lacrimal glands of male or female ArKO mice. Such inflammatory activity was prominent in autoimmune MRL/lpr tissues. We also found no evidence of inflammation in lacrimal gland tissue sections of estrogen-deficient mice, and tear volumes of ArKO males were actually increased as compared to those WT controls. Interestingly, our study did show that estrogen absence influences the expression of thousands of lacrimal gland genes, and that this impact is sex- and genotype-specific. Our findings demonstrate that estrogen absence is not a risk factor for the development of SjS-like lacrimal gland inflammation or for aqueous-deficient dry eye in mice.

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“…An endocrine risk factor has been suggested by the following clinical and immunohistochemical findings; (1) sexual disparity in VKC prevalence,8 11 (2) the role of sex hormones in other immunological diseases,61 (3) overexpression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors by conjunctival eosinophils and altered neuroreceptor expression in conjunctival epithelium in VKC54 and (4) growth factors, neuropeptides such as substance P and prostaglandins detected in high amounts in serum and tears in VKC 14 62 63…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: an update

Smedt¹,

2012

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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a bilateral, usually seasonally recurrent, allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva, characterised by limbal gelatinous hypertrophy and/or upper tarsal giant conjunctival papillae. Although rare in temperate regions, it represents an important cause of hospital referral in many parts of Africa and Asia. Clinical and immunohistochemical studies suggest that IgE-dependent (type I allergic) and IgE-independent (type IV allergic) mechanisms are involved in the immunopathogenesis of VKC, in which various inflammatory cells, including different T cell subpopulations play an active role via a cascade of chemical mediators. Endocrine, genetic, neurogenic, environmental and socioeconomic risk factors have been identified. However, its aetiology and pathophysiology remain unclear. The clinical course of this disease is usually benign and self-limiting, but a minority of patients will face very debilitating and sight threatening complications. Topical corticosteroids are often used during flare-ups in combination with mast cell stabilizers as maintenance treatment for VKC. However this management is unsatisfactory in controlling severe cases and avoiding recurrences. Non-steroidal immune modulators such as ciclosporin A and tacrolimus are promising alternatives, but tolerance to these agents needs to be improved and production costs reduced. The purpose of this review is to give an update on its epidemiology, immunopathogenesis and management. EPIDEMIOLOGYVernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a bilateral, chronic, external ocular inflammatory disorder, mainly affecting patients in their first or second decade.1-3 Although it is a rare allergic disorder in temperate regions, in many parts of Africa, Latin America and Asia VKC represents an important cause for hospital attendance, ranging from 3% to 6% of patients of all ages, rising to 33% and 90% in children and adolescents.2 4-7 A population prevalence of 4% to 5% has been found among African children.3 8 In large European and Asian case series boys appear to be affected more than girls, but this sex distribution is not found uniformly in Africa, and becomes less obvious with age.

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Sex hormone regulation of tear lipocalin in the rabbit lacrimal gland

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

The structural characterization of the lacrimal gland in the adult dog (Canis familiaris)

The structural characterization of the lacrimal gland in the adult dog (Canis familiaris)

Does estrogen deficiency cause lacrimal gland inflammation and aqueous-deficient dry eye in mice?

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: an update

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