Sex, gut microbiome, and cardiovascular disease risk

Razavi, Alexander C.; Potts, Kaitlin S.; Kelly, Tanika N.; Bazzano, Lydia A.

doi:10.1186/s13293-019-0240-z

Cited by 102 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 188 publications

(213 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, men are at higher risk of CVD than premenopausal women, but this cardioprotection is lost after menopause [21], suggesting the contribution of gonadal steroids on susceptibility to disease. More recently, the gut microbiota has also been implicated on the etiology of several diseases [22][23][24]. Therefore, the gut microbiota may be the driving force underlying the observed sexual dimorphism in disease susceptibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Gonadal steroid hormones have been suggested as the underlying mechanism responsible for the sexual dimorphism observed in metabolic diseases. Animal studies have also evidenced a causal role of the gut microbiome and metabolic health. However, the role of sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiota and the potential role of the microbiome in influencing sex steroid hormones and shaping sexually dimorphic susceptibility to disease have been largely overlooked. Although there is some evidence of sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and functionality, the results are inconsistent. Importantly, most of these studies have not taken into account the gonadal steroid status. Therefore, we investigated the gut microbiome composition and functionality in relation to sex, menopausal status, and circulating sex steroids. Results No significant differences were found in alpha diversity indices among pre- and post-menopausal women and men, but beta diversity differed among groups. The gut microbiota from post-menopausal women was more similar to men than to pre-menopausal women. Metagenome functional analyses revealed no significant differences between post-menopausal women and men. Gonadal steroids were specifically associated with these differences. Hence, the gut microbiota of pre-menopausal women was more enriched in genes from the steroid biosynthesis and degradation pathways, with the former having the strongest fold change among all associated pathways. Microbial steroid pathways also had significant associations with the plasma levels of testosterone and progesterone. In addition, a specific microbiome signature was able to predict the circulating testosterone levels at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. In addition, this microbiome signature could be transmitted from humans to antibiotic-induced microbiome-depleted male mice, being able to predict donor’s testosterone levels 4 weeks later, implying that the microbiota profile of the recipient mouse was influenced by the donor’s gender. Finally, obesity eliminated most of the differences observed among non-obese pre-menopausal women, post-menopausal women, and men in the gut microbiota composition (Bray-Curtis and weighted unifrac beta diversity), functionality, and the gonadal steroid status. Conclusions The present findings evidence clear differences in the gut microbial composition and functionality between men and women, which is eliminated by both menopausal and obesity status. We also reveal a tight link between the gut microbiota composition and the circulating levels of gonadal steroids, particularly testosterone.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…microbiome‐dependent metabolism) and downstream (e.g. amino acid catabolism) pathways that contribute to observed sex differences 45 in the role of dietary protein in CVD and LV diastolic function. Given our relatively small sample size and the complexity of dietary protein metabolism, subgroup analyses in men and women in the current study should be cautiously interpreted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of animal and plant foods and risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: the Bogalusa Heart Study

Razavi

Bazzano

et al. 2020

ESC Heart Failure

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is an early heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) phenotype that is reversible. Identifying dietary predictors associated with LVDD in diverse populations may help broadly improve HFpEF primary prevention. Methods and results This longitudinal analysis included 456 individuals of the Bogalusa Heart Study (27% Black, 63% women, baseline age = 36.1 ± 4.4 years). Diet was measured at baseline through food frequency questionnaires. LVDD was defined at follow-up (median = 12.9 years) through echocardiographic measurement of the E/A ratio, E/e′ ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, and deceleration time. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression estimated the risk of LVDD according to dietary predictor, adjusting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Compared with the lowest tertile, participants in the middle tertile of total protein (OR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.46, 7.45) and animal protein (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.34, 6.34) consumption experienced the highest risk of LVDD. There was a 77% and 56% lower risk of LVDD for persons in the middle vs. lowest tertile of vegetable (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.49) and legume consumption (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.85), respectively. Total protein, animal protein, processed meat, and egg consumption indicated a quadratic trend towards increased risk of LVDD, while legume and vegetable intake conferred a quadratic trend towards decreased risk of LVDD (all quadratic P < 0.05). Conclusions Diets higher in animal foods and lower in plant foods are associated with an increased risk for LVDD. These findings suggest threshold effects of diet on LVDD, past which more traditional cardiometabolic determinants occupy a larger role in HFpEF risk.

show abstract

“…Gender differences may play a role in the observed TMAO levels and has been reported between men and women. Indeed, differences in TMAO levels are possibly due to differences in food consumption patterns levels [108]. However, the gender effect was not reported by others [29].…”

Section: Tmao Variability With Age and Sexmentioning

confidence: 93%

Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect?

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is generated in a microbial-mammalian co-metabolic pathway mainly from the digestion of meat-containing food and dietary quaternary amines such as phosphatidylcholine, choline, betaine, or L-carnitine. Fish intake provides a direct significant source of TMAO. Human observational studies previously reported a positive relationship between plasma TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic diseases. Discrepancies and inconsistencies of recent investigations and previous studies questioned the role of TMAO in these diseases. Several animal studies reported neutral or even beneficial effects of TMAO or its precursors in cardiovascular disease model systems, supporting the clinically proven beneficial effects of its precursor, L-carnitine, or a sea-food rich diet (naturally containing TMAO) on cardiometabolic health. In this review, we summarize recent preclinical and epidemiological evidence on the effects of TMAO, in order to shed some light on the role of TMAO in cardiometabolic diseases, particularly as related to the microbiome.

show abstract

Sex, gut microbiome, and cardiovascular disease risk

Cited by 102 publications

References 188 publications

Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status

Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status

Consumption of animal and plant foods and risk of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: the Bogalusa Heart Study

Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About