“…Hypotheses to explain the gender difference in the overall prevalence of disabilities center around physiological or maturational differences in chromosomal or brain structure and motor and language skill development (Harmon, Stockton, & Contrucci, 1992;Shaywitz, 1996) and around cultural biases. The latter may stem from differences in the interaction of teachers with boys and girls (Kedar-Volvodas, 1983;Kratovi & Bailey, 1986), divergent expectations for males and females on the part of teachers and parents (Gottleib, 1987), and the tools and definitions used to screen for disabilities (Caseau, Luckasson, & Kroth, 1994). Given that most of the gender difference in early identification persisted even after we controlled for disability type, physiological explanations lose some weight.…”