Sex differences on adipose tissue remodeling: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions

Moreira‐Pais, Alexandra; Ferreira, Rita; Neves, João Sérgio; Vitorino, Rui; Moreira-Gonçalves, Daniel; Nogueira-Ferreira, Rita

doi:10.1007/s00109-020-01890-2

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Plausibly, their metabolites (e.g. fatty acid) may participate in adipose tissue remodeling during puberty [ 35 ]. Furthermore, reduced E2 levels during the menopause transition have been linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism of gut microbiota at different pubertal status

et al. 2020

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Background Accumulating evidence infer that gut microbiome-host relations are key mediators or modulators driving the observed sexual dimorphism in some disease onset and progression. To date, the sex-differences of gut microbiota at different pubertal status have not been reported. Objective To determine the characteristics of gut microbiota of both genders at different pubertal status. Methods Gut microbiota was analyzed in 89 Chinese participants aged 5–15 years. Participants were divided into pre-puberty and puberty groups for both male and female. The composition of gut microbiota was investigated by 16S rRNA-based metagenomics. Ecological representations of microbial communities were computed. The prediction of metagenomic functional content from 16S rRNA gene surveys was conducted. Results There were 49 males (9.76 ± 2.15 years) and 40 females (9.74 ± 1.63 years); 21 males and 26 females were at puberty. At genus level, Alistipes , Megamonas, Oscillospira and Parabacteroides were more prevalent in girls than in boys ( p < 0.05). There were no significantly differences of alpha-diversity between genders, which was independent of pubertal status. The beta-diversity was significantly different in pubertal subjects between genders. Using statistical analyses, we assigned genera Dorea , Megamonas, Bilophila, Parabacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium as microbial markers for pubertal subjects. The predicted metabolic profiles differ in both pubertal and pre-pubertal groups between genders. Conclusion This cross-sectional study revealed that sex differences in the gut microbiota composition and predicted metabolic profiles exist before puberty, which become more significant at puberty. The identification of novel puberty bacterial markers may disclose a potential effects of gender-related microbiota profiles on puberty onset.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism of gut microbiota at different pubertal status

et al. 2020

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“…It has been demonstrated in the literature that an effect modification of sex in different chronic diseases may exist due to sex differences related to obesity, including anatomical adipose tissue distribution, sex hormone effects, receptor activity, genetic influences and inflammatory responses (Moreira‐Pais et al 2020; Palmer & Clegg 2015). In this study, obesity was a risk factor for tooth loss among females, but not among males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity as a risk factor for tooth loss over 5 years: A population‐based cohort study

Vallim

Gaio

Oppermann

et al. 2020

J Clinic Periodontology

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Tooth loss has a negative impact on individuals' life and well-being (Emami et al. 2013). Globally, total tooth loss is estimated to affect 267 million individuals and account for 7.3 million years lived with disability (Collaborators et al. 2020). Although estimates of severe tooth loss generally have decreased (Kassebaum et al. 2014), population-based studies still demonstrate high number of lost teeth over time in various countries (Dye et al. 2019; Muller et al. 2007). Caries and periodontitis are recognized as the main causes for tooth loss, but other factors have also been associated with its occurrence

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“…The effects of sex steroid hormones on adipocyte differentiation and morphology, and consequently on fat deposition, are mediated by the presence of their receptors including

-ER and

-ER estrogen receptors,

-PR and

-PR (progesterone receptors) and the

-AR and

-AR adrenergic receptors [ 28 , 67 , 68 ]. These receptors are expressed in sex- and depot-dependent manner in preadipocytes and adipocytes within the human body [ 69 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Gonadal Steroids On Body Fat Distribution In Humans and Adipocyte Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis, androgens have been shown to increase lipolysis, and consequently support adipocyte hypertrophy [ 68 , 96 ]. In a rat model, isoproterenol and noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis were increased by T (but not DHT) in male preadipocytes [ 97 ].…”

Section: The Direct Influence Of Sex Steroids On Adipocyte Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estradiol also exerts additional effects on lipid metabolism. Namely, the E2 downregulates adipogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

(PPAR

) expression and the key lipolytic genes including the ones encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) [ 68 , 107 ]. E2 also enables increasing muscle oxidative capacity [ 54 , 108 ] through the regulation of acyl-CoA oxidase and uncoupling proteins (UCP2-UCP3), which enhances fatty acid uptake without lipid accumulation.…”

Section: The Direct Influence Of Sex Steroids On Adipocyte Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Update on the Molecular Mechanisms of Gonadal Steroids Action in Adipose Tissue

Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka

Lalik

Soveral

2021

IJMS

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The gonadal steroids, including androgens, estrogens and progestogens, are involved in the control of body fat distribution in humans. Nevertheless, not only the size and localization of the fat depots depend on the sex steroids levels, but they can also highly affect the functioning of adipose tissue. Namely, the gonadocorticoids can directly influence insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, fatty acid uptake and adipokine production. They may also alter energy balance and glucose homeostasis in adipocytes in an indirect way, e.g., by changing the expression level of aquaglyceroporins. This work presents the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of how the gonadal steroids influence the functioning of adipose tissue leading to a set of detrimental metabolic consequences. Special attention is given here to highlighting the sexual dimorphism of adipocyte functioning in terms of health and disease. Particularly, we discuss the molecular background of metabolic disturbances occurring in consequence of hormonal imbalance which is characteristic of some common endocrinopathies such as the polycystic ovary syndrome. From this perspective, we highlight the potential drug targets and the active substances which can be used in personalized sex-specific management of metabolic diseases, in accord with the patient’s hormonal status.

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Sex differences on adipose tissue remodeling: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions

Cited by 28 publications

References 101 publications

Sexual dimorphism of gut microbiota at different pubertal status

Sexual dimorphism of gut microbiota at different pubertal status

Obesity as a risk factor for tooth loss over 5 years: A population‐based cohort study

Recent Update on the Molecular Mechanisms of Gonadal Steroids Action in Adipose Tissue

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