Sex differences in the daily pattern of locomotor activity in laboratory rats

Wollnik, Franziska

doi:10.1007/bf00490408

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the 80s, Wollnik (1985) observed obvious sex differences in the daily pattern of locomotion in laboratory rats. Hormonal and genetic differences between males and females also influence development of locomotor activity circadian rhythm (Diez‐Noguera & Cambras, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesM4 muscarinic receptors (MR) presumably play a role in motor coordination. Previous studies have shown different results depending on genetic background and number of backcrosses. However, no attention has been given to biorhythms.Material and MethodsWe therefore analyzed biorhythms under a light/dark cycle obtained telemetrically in intact animals (activity, body temperature) in M4 KO mice growth on the C57Bl6 background using ChronosFit software. Studying pure effects of gene knockout in daily rhythms is especially important knowledge for pharmacological/behavioral studies in which drugs are usually tested in the morning.ResultsWe show that M4 KO mice motor activity does not differ substantially from wild‐type mice during light period while in the dark phase (mice active part of the day), the M4 KO mice reveal biorhythm changes in many parameters. Moreover, these differences are sex‐dependent and are evident in females only. Mesor, night–day difference, and night value were doubled or tripled when comparing female KO versus male KO. Our in vitro autoradiography demonstrates that M4 MR proportion represents 24% in the motor cortex (MOCx), 30% in the somatosensory cortex, 50% in the striatum, 69% in the thalamus, and 48% in the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). The M4 MR densities were negligible in the subparaventricular zone, the posterior hypothalamic area, and in the suprachiasmatic nuclei.ConclusionsWe conclude that cholinergic signaling at M4 MR in brain structures such as striatum, MOCx, and probably with the important participation of IGL significantly control motor activity biorhythm. Animal activity differs in the light and dark phases, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies indicated significant differences in the daily locomotor activity pattern of the ACI/Ztm and LEW/Ztm inbred strains (Buttner and Wollnik, 1984;Wollnik, 1985). This difference is supported by (Halberg eta/., 1967;Henkel and Mletzko, 1981) Panofsky and Halberg, 1961) of locomotor activity of the Mendelian generations under a light-dark regime of 12 : 12 h. In the case of the LEW/Ztm parents (C) and the LEW-backcross generation (E), the 4.8-and 4-h spectral estimates are plotted separately for the males (upper line) and females (lower line) in order to show the sex difference in these traits.…”

Section: Parent and F 1 Generationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Genetic analysis of circadian and ultradian locomotor activity rhythms in laboratory rats

Wollnik¹,

Gärtner²,

Büttner³

1987

Behav Genet

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obvious differences exist in the daily activity patterns of the LEW/Ztm and ACI/Ztm inbred strains of Laboratory rats. The inbred strain A CII Ztm shows a clear 24-h rhythm of locomotor activity. The activity pattern of the LEW/Ztm strain, however, is characterized by ultradian rhythms of 4-and 4.8-h periods. Genetic analysis of crosses between the two strains was used to examine the relative amounts of additive genetic and dominance effects for traits associated with circadian and ultradian rhythms of locomotor activity. The measured variables of the timing mechanism (amplitude c; acrophase I(); 24-, 4.8-, and 4-h spectral estimates) exhibited substantial heritability, with general dominant-recessive modes of inheritance and the associated dominance variance.

show abstract

“…The inbred rat strain LEW/Ztm has been found to exhibit genetically fixed (8,91 as well as sex-specific [56] ultradian activity rhythms. In addition to the limitation of ultradian rhythms to the males, it is likewise peculiar t hat the brief reproductive period of the females ends between 4 and 5 months of age (DOhler, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Animals and Maintenance Condition \'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, the persistence of ultradian rhythms can be explained by changes in the phase relationships between several circadian oscillators [46). The ultradian rhythms of the inbred strain LEW/Ztm are sex-specific, being observed only in the males [56). The question, therefore, arises as to whether the ultradian rhythms are the result of endocrine factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of adult or perinatal hormonal environment on ultradian rhythms in locomotor activity of laboratory LEW/Ztm rats

Wollnik

Döhler

1986

Physiology & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Effects of adult or perinatal hormonal environment on ultradian rhythms in locomotor activity of laboratory LEWIZtm rats. PHYSIOL BEHA V 38(2) [229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237][238][239][240] 1986.-Four experiments were performed with male and female rats of the inbred strain LEW/Ztm maintained under a light-dark schedule of 12: 12 hours. The animals were subject to castration CGOX) or ovariectomy (OVX), estradiol 17J3-implantation (E2-capsules), and perinatal hormonal treatments with testosterone propionate (TP) aod an androgen antagonist (cyproterone acetate, CA). Results indicated a difference in the locomotor activity pattern between the two sexes as a result of the endogenous estradiol levels of the adult animals. The activity pall ern of male LEW rats was characterized by ultradian rhythms of 4 and 4.8 hr periods. The female LEW rats, on the other hand, generally exhibited a clear circadian activity pattern and no uttradian activity rhythms. Following ovariectomy, each of the females showed distinct ultradian rhythms. These disappeared after E2-implantation. Castration of adult males had no effect on the ultradian activity pattern. Implantation of E2-capsules resulted in a marked decrease of the ultradian activity components. Perinatal treatment of the males with an androgen antagonist (CA) did not appear to effect ultradian rhythms during adulthood. Females treated perinatally with testosterone showed a significant increase in the ultradian activity components. This effect is assumed to be due to low estrogen levels in these animals during adulthood. Our study supports the assumption that ultradian rhythms are a result of changes in I he phase relationships between several circadian oscillators. The synchrony of these oscillations seems to be facilitated by estradiol. Ultradian rhythmsLocomotor activity Gonadectomy Brain differentiation Laboratory rat SEVERAL weU-known phenomena of circadian rhythms in mammals can be explained by the model of the circadian system as a composite of multiple, highly ordered oscillators [40][41][42]46]located in or close to the suprachiasmatic nuclei in the hypothalamus [47]. The origin of similar temporal variations on a smaUer time scale, caUed ultradian or short-term rhythms, remains unclear [11]. Ultradian rhythms in locomotor activity are known to exist in laboratory rats [8, 9, 2~30, 49], however, attracting much less attention than circadian rhythms.A recent study of LEW/Ztm rats has shown that ultradian rhythms of 4 and 4.8 hr periods are geneticaUy fixed in this Estradiol Testosterone inbred strain (9]. The persistence of these ultradian rhythms foUowing the disruption of circadian organization under continuous light supported the assumption that the activity rhythms of this strain are caused by an independent ultradian oscillator [9]. Alternatively, the persistence of ultradian rhythms can be explained by changes in the phase relationships between several circadian oscillators [46). The ultradian rhythms of the inbred strain LEW/Ztm are sex-specific, ...

show abstract

Sex differences in the daily pattern of locomotor activity in laboratory rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

Genetic analysis of circadian and ultradian locomotor activity rhythms in laboratory rats

Effects of adult or perinatal hormonal environment on ultradian rhythms in locomotor activity of laboratory LEW/Ztm rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Sex differences in the daily pattern of locomotor activity in laboratory rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

The deletion of M4 muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

The deletion of M4 muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

Genetic analysis of circadian and ultradian locomotor activity rhythms in laboratory rats

Effects of adult or perinatal hormonal environment on ultradian rhythms in locomotor activity of laboratory LEW/Ztm rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase

The deletion of M₄ muscarinic receptors increases motor activity in females in the dark phase