Genetic analysis of circadian and ultradian locomotor activity rhythms in laboratory rats

Wollnik, Franziska; Gärtner, Klaus; Büttner, D.

doi:10.1007/bf01065995

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Rhythms in the locomotor activity of rats in the range of about 4-6h have been reported with significant differences among strains (Buttner and Wollnik, 1984). These strain differences proved to be heritable (Wollnik et al, 1987). With regard to mice, Del Pozo et al (Del Pozo et al, 1978a;Del Pozo et al, 1978b) recorded locomotor activity in individuals for either 90min or 23h and noted ultradian rhythms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultradian components in the locomotor activity rhythms of the genetically normal mouse,Mus musculus

Dowse

Umemori

Koide

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYUltradian periodicities in physiological processes have been reported for a wide variety of organisms and may appear as bouts in locomotor activity. In some instances, this temporal organization can be related to some ethological strategy. In mice, however, ultradian rhythms have been reported largely in animals with circadian pacemakers disrupted either by genetic or surgical manipulation. Using analysis techniques capable of resolving periodicities in the ultradian range in the presence of strong diel periodicity, we found unequivocal evidence of ultradian rhythms in mice entrained to an light:dark cycle. We collected locomotor activity data of individuals from 11 genetically disparate strains of mice whose activity was recorded in 12h:12h L:D photoperiods for 3days. Data were subjected to maximum entropy spectral analysis and autocorrelation, both before and after filtering to remove the 24-h periodicity. We found that every strain had a majority of individuals with strong ultradian rhythms ranging from 3 to ~5h. These periodicities were commonly visible in individual animals both in high-pass-filtered and in unfiltered data. Furthermore, when all raw data from a given strain were pooled to get a 24-h ensemble average across all animals and days, the rhythms continued to be discernable. We fitted Fourier series to these form estimates to model the frequency structure of each strain and found significant effects of strain and an interaction between period and strain indicating significant genetic variation for rhythmicity in the ultradian range. The techniques employed in this study should have wider use in a range of organisms and fields.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultradian components in the locomotor activity rhythms of the genetically normal mouse,Mus musculus

Dowse

Umemori

Koide

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…To account for this deficiency, this study used two commonly available inbred strains, BH and LEW, of laboratory rats with genetically fixed differences in circadian rhythm parameters (46)(47)(48). These strains have rather unusual activity patterns that may be caused by multiple circadian oscillators coupled to each other with a phase relationship of 4-6 h (34,(46)(47)(48).…”

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“…These strains have rather unusual activity patterns that may be caused by multiple circadian oscillators coupled to each other with a phase relationship of 4-6 h (34,(46)(47)(48). The goal of the study was to investigate the effects of various antidepressant drugs on the circadian wheelrunning rhythms of the two strains compared to strain ACI, which shows an activity pattern found in most laboratory rats.…”

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Effects of chronic administration and withdrawal of antidepressant agents on circadian activity rhythms in rats

Wollnik

1992

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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WOLLNIK, F. E;ffects of chronic administration and Withdrawal of antidepressant agents on circadian activity rhythms in rats.PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV 43{2) S49-S61, 1992.-Experimental and clinical studies indicate that clinical depression may be associated with disturbances of circadian rhythms. To explore the interaction between circadian rhythmicity, behavioral state, and monoaminergic systems, the present study investigated the effects of chronic administration and withdrawal of the following antidepressant agents on circadian wheel-running rhythms of laboratory rats: a) moclobemide, a reversible and selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) type A inhibitor; b) Ro 19-6327, a selective MAO type B inhibitor; c) desipramine, a preferential norepinephrine reuptalce inhibitor; d) clomipramine and e) fluoxetine, both serotonin reuptake inhibitors; and f) levoprotillne, an atypical antidepressant whose biochemical mechanism is still unknown. Wheel-running activity rhythms were studied in three inbred strains of laboratory rats (ACI, BH, LEW) under constant darkness (DD). Two of these inbred strains (BH and LEW) show proround abnormalities in their circadian activity rhythms, namely, a reduced overall level of activity and bimodal or multimodal activity patterns. Chronic treatment with moclobemide and desipramine consistently increased the overall level, as well as the circadian amplitude, of the activity rhythm. Furthermore, the abnormal activity pattern of the LEW strain was changed into a unimodal activity pattern like that of other laboratory rats. The free-running period r was slightly shortened by moclobemide and dramatically shonened by desipramine. Effects of moclobemide and desipramine treatment on overall activity level and duration were reversed shortly after termination of treatment, whereas long aftereffects were observed for the free-running period. All other substances tested had no systematic effects on the activity rhythms of any of the strains. The fact that moclobemide and desipramine altered the period, amplitude, and pattern of circadian activity rhythms is consistent with the hypothesis that monoaminergic transmitters play a significant role in the neuronal control of behavioral state and circadian rhythmicity. Although the present study found that some antidepressives affect parameters of circadian rhythmicity, it could not demonstrate a common effect of all classes of antidepressives. Circadian rhythmsGenetic differences Inbred strains Antidepressives Moclobemide Ro 19-6327 Desipramine Clomipramine Fluoxetine Levoprotiline IT has often been suggested that there is an association between the pathophysiology of affective disorders and disturbances of circadian rhythms. For example, studies in humans have shown that affective disorders are associated with abnormalities in the period, phase, and/or amplitude of physiological, behavioral, and endocrine rhythms, resulting in quite a number of different hypotheses on the chronobiology of depression (16,18,20,39,41). Special attention has been paid to the ob...

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“…Recent studies indicate that gonadal hormones can also alter the expression of ultradian rhythms in male and female rats of the inbred strain LEWfltm. Male LEWfltm rats show a very precise and reproducible trimodal locomotor activity pattern that exhibits substantial heritability with a general recessive mode of inheritance [28]. The trimodal activity pattern generates ultradian peaks in the range of 4 and 4.8 hours when tested with different methods of period analysis [6,27].…”

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Estrous correlated modulations of circadian and ultradian wheel-running activity rhythms in LEW/Ztm rats

Wollnik

Turek

1988

Physiology & Behavior

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WOLLNIK, F. AND F. W. TUREK. Estrous correlated modulations of circadian and ultradian wheel-running activity rhythms in LEW!Ztm rats. PHYSIOL BEHAV 43(3) [389][390][391][392][393][394][395][396] 1988.-Estrogen treatment alters the expression ofultradian activity rhythms in male and female LEW/Ztro rats. This finding raises the possibility tbat the expression of ultradian rhythms may vary on different days of the estrous cycle. To test this hypothesis, we recorded the circadian and ultradian wheel-running activity rhythms of entrained (LD 12: 12) and free-running sexually mature LEW/Ztm females during their 4-or 5-day estrous cycle. The mean daily activity, the duration of activity, the circadian period of activity, and the occurrence of ultradian rhythms differed significantly among the days of the estrous cycle. ln LD 12: 12, the phase angle difference between the beginning of activity and light offset varied reliably in 5-day cycling animals. The highest daily mean of activity, the longest duration, and the shortest circadian period length were observed on the day of estrus in both entrained and free-running animals. The day of estrus was characterized by a constant high level of activity throughout the activity phase, while the days following ovulation showed a bi-or trimodal activity pattern. Power spectrum analysis revealed significant ultradian components for the days of metestrus and diestrus, but only circadian components for the days of proestrus and estrus. These results were interpreted as indicating that endogenous changes in circulating hormone levels can induce changes in the ultradian and circadian patterns of wheel-running activity in LEW/Ztm rats. Wheel-running activityEstrous cycle Ultradian and circadian rhythms Laboratory rat STEROID hormones have been reported to modulate the amplitude, phase, and period of mammalian circadian rhythms (for review see [25,30]). In female hamsters and rats, the time of activity onset fluctuates with the estrous cycle in animals entrained to a light-dark cycle as well as in animals maintained under constant illumination or darkness [2,7,14,22]. Activity onset in hamsters occurs earlier on both proestrus and estrus, the days of the estrous cycle when serum levels of estrogen are high [5], whereas in rats the activity onset is earlier only on the day of estrus [2]. Exogenously supplied gonadal hormones also alter the periodicity of circadian rhythms. Silastic estrogen-filled capsules that produce proestrous levels of estrogen shorten the period of the free-running rhythms in ovariectomized rats and hamsters [1,14,31], and increase the total amount of wheelrunning activity [11,22]. Although progesterone alone does not affect circadian rhythms [14,17,22], it can antagonize estrogen's action on activity rhythms in rats and hamsters [3,4,17,22]. It is likely that the interaction of progesterone and estrogen modulates the circadian rhythm of activity in female rats and hamsters on a day-to-day basis [2,22]. Recent studies indicate that gonadal hormones can also alte...

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Genetic analysis of circadian and ultradian locomotor activity rhythms in laboratory rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Ultradian components in the locomotor activity rhythms of the genetically normal mouse,Mus musculus

Ultradian components in the locomotor activity rhythms of the genetically normal mouse,Mus musculus

Effects of chronic administration and withdrawal of antidepressant agents on circadian activity rhythms in rats

Estrous correlated modulations of circadian and ultradian wheel-running activity rhythms in LEW/Ztm rats

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