Sex differences in smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of Parkinson's disease: A nationwide cohort study

Kim, Ryul; Yoo, Dallah; Jung, Yu Jin; Han, Kyungdo; Lee, Jee Young

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.12.006

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…5 Cigarette smoking is suggested to be one of the main protective factors for PD. [6][7][8][9] The risk-lowering effect of smoking on PD has been observed even in ex-smokers. A meta-analysis found that the risk of PD was 58% lower in current smokers and 24% lower in ex-smokers than in never smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Cessation, Weight Change, and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: Analysis of National Cohort Data

et al. 2020

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Background and Purpose To determine whether the postcessation weight gain modifies the protective effect of smoking on the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods This nationwide cohort study included 3,908,687 Korean males aged ≥40 years who underwent at least 2 health checkups biennially between 2009 and 2015. They were grouped into current smokers; quitters with body mass index (BMI) increase, maintenance, and decrease; and never smokers. The occurrence of incident PD was tracked, and Cox proportional-hazard models were used to adjust for potential confounding factors. We also analyzed the impact of weight change regardless of smoking status in the study population. Results There were 6,871 incident PD cases observed during the 13,059,208 person-years of follow-up. The overall risk of PD was significantly lower in quitters than in never smokers [hazard ratio (HR)=0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.70-0.86]. The risk of PD was still lower in quitters with BMI increase (HR=0.80, 95% CI=0.65-0.98) and in those with BMI maintenance (HR=0.77, 95% CI=0.68-0.87). This tendency was also observed in quitters with BMI decrease (HR=0.76, 95% CI=0.55-1.06), although it was not as robust as in the other two groups. With respect to weight change alone, BMI increase (HR=1.10, 95% CI=1.02-1.18) but not BMI decrease (HR=1.06, 95% CI=0.98-1.14) significantly increased the PD risk compared to BMI maintenance. Conclusions Postcessation weight gain in males did not offset the protective impact of smoking on PD development, although overall weight gain predicted an increased risk of PD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Cessation, Weight Change, and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: Analysis of National Cohort Data

et al. 2020

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“…The manual literature search identified two studies (22,24). Thus, 11 eligible studies were included (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). We only included the data from external control subjects for the Swedish Twin Registry study in which two control groups were reported (23).…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 presents the basic characteristics of the included studies. There were three case-control studies nested within prospective cohorts (20,22,23) and eight prospective cohort studies (21,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Four studies were conducted in the United States (20,21,25,26), two in Asia (24,28), and five in Europe (22,23,27,29,30).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were three case-control studies nested within prospective cohorts (20,22,23) and eight prospective cohort studies (21,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Four studies were conducted in the United States (20,21,25,26), two in Asia (24,28), and five in Europe (22,23,27,29,30). Ascertainment of PD was identified by reviewing death certificates, hospital discharge summaries, and other types of medical records.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parkinson's Disease Risk and Alcohol Intake: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Shao

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Background: The association between Parkinson's disease (PD) risk and alcohol intake is a controversial topic.Objectives: To systematically assess the association between PD risk and alcohol intake.Methods: PubMed and Embase databases were searched for eligible studies with prospective design on PD risk and alcohol intake. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model and dose-response analysis was performed. Relative risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs were calculated.Results: Eleven prospective studies were included. Overall, a higher intake of alcohol was inversely associated with PD risk (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70–0.95, I2 = 73.7%). Significant differences existed between the specific types of alcoholic beverages and geographic area. Specifically, a significant association existed for beer (RR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65–0.94, I2 = 0.0%) and studies conducted in Asia (RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55–0.80, I2 = 37.3%). Dose-response analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between PD risk and alcohol exposure. No evidence for publication bias was detected.Conclusions: In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that alcohol consumption was associated with a decreased risk of PD, with a nearly U-shaped association. Future studies are warranted to clarify the question of a specific type of alcoholic beverage-dependent association, geographic area effect, and possible threshold effects regarding both the adverse and beneficial effects of alcohol.

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“…In Korea, a result of investigating the effect of smoking on the risk of PD using data from the National Health Insurance system was recently reported (5). In this study, the authors investigated whether the influence of smoking and alcohol consumption on PD risk differs according to sex.…”

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confidence: 99%

Response to Comment on Rhee et al. Association Between Glycemic Status and the Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2169–2175

Rhee

Lee

2020

Diabetes Care

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Sex differences in smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of Parkinson's disease: A nationwide cohort study

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Smoking Cessation, Weight Change, and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: Analysis of National Cohort Data

Smoking Cessation, Weight Change, and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: Analysis of National Cohort Data

Parkinson's Disease Risk and Alcohol Intake: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Response to Comment on Rhee et al. Association Between Glycemic Status and the Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2169–2175

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