Sex-Differences in Skeletal Growth and Aging

Nieves, Jeri W.

doi:10.1007/s11914-017-0349-0

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As expected, the diameter of the tibiae is larger along most of the tibiae in both young and old males compared to females. This difference in diameter is attributed to several factors including diet, hormones, body composition, and mechanical loading (e.g., male mice fight more often) [5,15,24]. We show that, despite sex differences in diameter size, there are similarities in tibial architecture between the sexes; for example, the tibia/fibula junction (shown by the inflection in Ct.Ar) is located at the same site in young and old mice of both sexes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Sex differences in bone mass and architecture are well established in mice, humans, and other species [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Male bones are generally wider than female bones, and trabecular BMD in male mice is higher in the vertebrae but lower in the tibia compared to female mice [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male bones are generally wider than female bones, and trabecular BMD in male mice is higher in the vertebrae but lower in the tibia compared to female mice [2]. Bone loss during ageing is different between the genders [5,7]. During ageing, both men and women loose cortical bone endosteally, but because men also add more bone periosteally, the total bone loss is higher in women than in men [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the trabecular bone loss during ageing is sex-specific. While the trabeculae in men become thinner with ageing, whole trabeculae are lost in women [5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cortical bone gain following loading is site-specifically enhanced by prior and concurrent disuse in aged male mice

Galea

Delisser

Meakin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The primary aim of bone anabolic therapies is to strategically increase bone mass in skeletal regions likely to experience high strains. This is naturally achieved by mechanical loading of the young healthy skeleton. However, these bone anabolic responses fail with age. Here, we applied site specificity analysis to map regional differences in bone anabolic responses to axial loading of the tibia (tri-weekly, for two weeks) between young (19-week-old) and aged (19-month-old), male and female mice. Loading increased bone mass specifically in the proximal tibia in both sexes and ages. Young female mice gained more cortical bone than young males in specific regions of the tibia. However, these site-specific sex difference were lost with age such that bone gain following loading was not significantly different between old males and females. Having previously demonstrated that prior and concurrent disuse enhances bone gain following loading in old females, we established whether this "rescue" is sex-specific. Old male mice were subjected to sciatic neurectomy or sham surgery, and tri-weekly loading was initiated four days after surgery.Disuse augmented cortical bone gain in response to loading in old male mice, but only in the regions of the tibia which were load-responsive in the young. Increased understanding of how locally-activated load-responsive processes lead to site-specific bone formation, and how the agerelated diminution of these processes can be site-specifically enhanced by disuse, may lead to the next generation of strategic bone anabolic therapies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the trabecular bone loss during ageing is sex-specific. While the trabeculae in men become thinner with ageing, whole trabeculae are lost in women [5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cortical bone gain following loading is site-specifically enhanced by prior and concurrent disuse in aged male mice

Galea

Delisser

Meakin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Also, females develop a more curved spine than males as they age. Since hormone-mediated factors such as menopause only affect females 51,52 and ribcage morphology and the spine is susceptible to osteoporosis, which is more prevalent in females [76][77][78][79] , those factors could likely impact female thorax size and shape. Besides, because energetic demands and body composition also differ between sexes at old ages 49,50 , it is possible that these differences could drive, at least partially, late-developing dimorphic features.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late subadult ontogeny and adult aging of the human thorax reveals divergent growth trajectories between sexes

García‐Martínez

Bastir

Villa

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Sexual dimorphism is an important feature of adult thorax morphology, but when and how sex-related differences in the ribcage arise during ontogeny is poorly known. Previous research proposed that sexrelated size differences in the nasal region arise during puberty. Therefore, we explore whether ribcage sexual dimorphism also arises at that time and whether this sexual dimorphism is maintained until old age. We measured 526 (semi)landmarks on 80 CT-based human ribcage reconstructions, on individuals ranging from 7 to 65 year-old. The 3D coordinates were submitted to the Procrustes superimposition and analyzed. Our results show that the trajectories of thorax size and shape between sexes diverge at around 12 years of age, and continue slightly diverging until old age. The differential ontogenetic trends cause adult male ribcages to become deeper, shorter, and wider than female. Our results are consistent with the evidence from the cranial respiratory system, with the development of sexual dimorphism probably related to changes in body composition during puberty combined with changes in the reproductive system. Over the last few decades, sexual dimorphism has been identified as an important factor underlaying the variation in form and function of the respiratory apparatus. Soft and hard tissues of the craniofacial respiratory system, the nasal cavity 1-10 , and the postcranial respiratory system, the ribcage 12-26 have all been studied. At the beginning of the XXI century, authors reported significant sexual dimorphism in the sagittal plane of the human skull for a European sample of around 100 individuals, with males having a relatively larger nasopharyngeal space than females, because of a larger piriform aperture, larger choanae and a more posteriorly inclined occipital clivus 2. Other authors subsequently assessed sex-related differences in the nasal cavity of five different populations from different geographical regions, including cold-adapted populations 4. Interestingly, they found that the sex-specific differences previously observed in the nasal cavity, such as the taller and larger piriform aperture and choanae observed in males compared to females 2 , were common (shared) features observed among human populations 4. These differences were interpreted by the authors as an adaptation to greater oxygen

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The accuracy of age estimation using transition analysis in the Hamann‐Todd collection

Simon

Hübbe

2021

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Reconstructing demography of past populations using skeletal data is challenging when analyzing adults because the process of biological aging does not always reflect the individual's chronological age. A proposed solution to address the limitations of traditional age estimation methods is transition analysis (TA), a multifactorial method of age estimation. However, despite its methodological refinement, TA has varying degrees of accuracy when applied to different known-age skeletal samples. This study assesses TA's accuracy by comparing age estimates to known age at death in the Hamann-Todd Collection.Materials and Methods: We contrasted the maximum likelihood age estimates generated by the ADBOU program to the known ages of 221 individuals. The absolute error was calculated for the entire sample, and compared between sex and ancestry. Results:The mean absolute error in the sample is 11.6 (SD = 10.3) years, with white individuals' errors (14.1 years) being significantly higher than black individuals' (9.1 years; p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between sexes (p = 0.621). A weak to moderate positive correlation was found between known age and absolute error for white males (R = 0.607; p < 0.001), white females (R = 0.509; p < 0.001), and black males (R = 0.371; p = 0.006). The accuracy of TA age estimates varied when each anatomical region was analyzed independently, but the combination of all three anatomical regions yielded the most accurate age estimates.Discussion: These findings further support that TA accuracy depends on the prior distribution used and, in the Hamann-Todd Collection, the accuracy for white individuals is more influenced by this limitation than when black individuals are analyzed.

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Sex-Differences in Skeletal Growth and Aging

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Cortical bone gain following loading is site-specifically enhanced by prior and concurrent disuse in aged male mice

Cortical bone gain following loading is site-specifically enhanced by prior and concurrent disuse in aged male mice

Late subadult ontogeny and adult aging of the human thorax reveals divergent growth trajectories between sexes

The accuracy of age estimation using transition analysis in the Hamann‐Todd collection

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