Sex Differences in Perpetration of Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression in South Sudan

Ndoromo, Owen; Österman, Karin; Björkqvist, Kaj

doi:10.26417/ejis.v10i1.p93-101

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…to try to influence someone, such as children or relatives, to dislike the partner, to ridicule the partner in her/his absence, or to try to exclude the partner from social situations. Indirect IPA has previously been studied in South Sudan (Ndoromo, Österman, & Björkqvist, 2017;Ndoromo, Österman, & Björkqvist, 2018), in Ghana (Darko, Björkqvist, & Österman, 2019), and in Finland and Mexico (Österman, Toldos, & Björkqvist, 2014).…”

Section: Indirect and Psychological Aggression Versus Physical Aggresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimisation from Three Types of Intimate Partner Aggression and Mental Health Concomitants Among Women in Pakistan

Khan

Österman

Björkqvist

2019

JEHCP

Self Cite

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The aim of the study was to compare associations between three types of female victimization from intimate partner aggression (IPA) and their mental health concomitants. A questionnaire was completed by 569 relatively well-educated women in Pakistan (97.3% had at least a Bachelor's degree). The mean age was 31.4 years (SD 9.1), and the age range was between 18 and 70 years. The questionnaire included scales for measuring victimization from physical aggression, verbal aggression, and indirect aggressive social manipulation perpetrated by the husband against the wife, and four subscales from the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI): depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive symptoms, and somatization. Victimization from verbal aggression was the most common type, followed by indirect aggression, while physical aggression was the least common. All three types of IPA were significantly associated with all four BSI subscales and most strongly with indirect aggression, while physical aggression showed the weakest associations. IntroductionThe aim of the study was to compare associations between victimization from three types of intimate partner aggression and psychological distress in a sample of Pakistani women. The choice of the word 'aggression' instead of 'violence' is here deliberate, since aggression is a wider concept than violence, with the latter being a subset of the former. All violence is aggression, but not all aggressive acts are violent. If aggression is seen as intentional harmdoing, then the harm aimed at in violent behavior is physical rather than psychological. Accordingly, the term intimate partner aggression (IPA), is preferred rather than the more

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Section: Indirect and Psychological Aggression Versus Physical Aggresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimisation from Three Types of Intimate Partner Aggression and Mental Health Concomitants Among Women in Pakistan

Khan

Österman

Björkqvist

2019

JEHCP

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Overall, the results from Darko et al (2019) and Ndoromo et al (2018) are inconsistent with the Revised Gender Symmetry model which predicts that countries with low gender equality such as South Sudan and Ghana would show greater levels of female victimisation (Archer, 2018). Instead, women in these countries were using low-intensity aggression against their male partners.…”

Section: Sri Lankan Vs New Zealand Contextmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Taken together, the results from Darko et al (2019), Ndoromo et al (2018) and Esquivel-Santoveña (2013) question the validity of Archer (2018)'s Revised Gender Symmetry model. The current study extends this previous research by further investigating the Revised Gender Symmetry model among female students in two countries which are above and below the mean global gender equality score (Sri Lanka vs. New Zealand).…”

Section: Sri Lankan Vs New Zealand Contextmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Sri Lankan Vs New Zealand Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, contrary to the Revised Gender Symmetry Theory (Archer, 2018), some studies have found that women in patriarchal countries used higher levels of low-intensity aggression against their male partner (Darko, Björkqvist & Österman 2019;Ndoromo, Österman & Björkqvist, 2018). For example, Ndoromo et al (2018) aimed to test the Revised Gender Symmetry Theory (Archer, 2018) in South Sudan which is a patriarchal country with low empowerment of women. Men (N=118) and women (N=302) completed a self-report questionnaire (Direct Indirect Aggression Scales for Adults-DIAS-Adult; Österman & Björkqvist, 2009) which measured low-intensity aggression across several domains (physical aggression, verbal aggression, nonverbal aggression, direct aggressive social manipulation, indirect aggressive social manipulation, cyber aggression and economic aggression).…”

Section: Sri Lankan Vs New Zealand Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does Women’s Approval of Intimate Partner Violence Mediate the Relationship Between Sexism and Violence in Heterosexual Relationships? A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between Sri Lanka and New Zealand.

Ranasinghe¹

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<p>The Revised Gender Symmetry Theory (Archer, 2018) proposes that western countries with higher levels of gender empowerment of women will experience an equal rate of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) between men and women that is bi-directional and low in intensity. In contrast, non-western countries with lower levels of gender empowerment are proposed to experience high rates of male to female aggression; bi-directional violence or male victimisation from women in such countries will be unlikely. The aim of this study was twofold. First, it aimed to test the validity of the Revised Gender Symmetry Theory using self- reports of IPV perpetration and victimisation from women residing in two countries above (New Zealand) and below (Sri Lanka) the mean global gender empowerment score. Second, considering the strong relationship between positive attitudes towards IPV with both sexism and IPV perpetration, the mediational properties of positive attitudes in explaining the relationship between sexism and IPV perpetration and victimisation in the two countries was examined. Female undergraduate university students from New Zealand (N=199) and Sri Lanka (N=198) completed the Conflict Tactic Scale-2, the Beliefs about Relationship Aggression Scale and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Inconsistent with the Revised Gender Symmetry model, independent t-test analysis found that women in New Zealand and Sri Lanka reported similar rates of IPV perpetration and victimisation, for both minor and severe forms of IPV. In keeping with Sri Lanka having lower levels of gender empowerment of women, Sri Lankan women were more likely to approve of IPV and endorsed higher levels of sexism (benevolent and hostile sexism) when compared to New Zealand women. Lastly, the moderated mediation models found that attitudes condoning female IPV mediated the relationship between benevolent sexism and IPV perpetration by women in Sri Lanka and New Zealand. The need for interventions to challenge women’s attitudes which condone female IPV and reduce societal sexism is discussed along with other implications for clinical practice.</p>

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Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression as a Mediating Factor for the Intergenerational Transmission of Physical Punishment of Children in South Sudan

Ndoromo¹

2018

EJMI

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Sex Differences in Perpetration of Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression in South Sudan

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Victimisation from Three Types of Intimate Partner Aggression and Mental Health Concomitants Among Women in Pakistan

Victimisation from Three Types of Intimate Partner Aggression and Mental Health Concomitants Among Women in Pakistan

Does Women’s Approval of Intimate Partner Violence Mediate the Relationship Between Sexism and Violence in Heterosexual Relationships? A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between Sri Lanka and New Zealand.

Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression as a Mediating Factor for the Intergenerational Transmission of Physical Punishment of Children in South Sudan

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