Sex differences in Parkinson's disease presentation and progression

Abraham, Danielle S.; Gruber‐Baldini, Ann L.; Magder, Laurence S.; McArdle, Patrick F.; Tom, Sarah E.; Barr, Erik; Schrader, Katrina; Shulman, Lisa M.

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.10.019

Cited by 41 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…According to a retrospective observational study investigating the predictors of specialist care utilization, women are less likely to receive neurologist care compared to men [ 24 ]. Third, women may theoretically be less inclined to participate in FOG trials, because they might cope differently with their disease [ 25 ]. For example, women could be better at self-management, and therefore less likely to seek neurology care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Objective It is unknown how sex affects the prevalence of freezing of gait (FOG). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish the sex-specific prevalence of FOG in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, we investigated whether men and women were represented accurately in intervention trials targeting FOG. Methods We queried the EMBASE and PubMed databases and identified 2637 articles. Of these, 16 epidemiological studies were included in the meta-analysis, and 51 intervention studies were included in the comparative analysis. Results In total, 5702 persons were included in the final meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. The pooled estimate of overall FOG prevalence was 43% [95% CI 33-53%]. We found no difference in FOG prevalence between men [44% (34-54%)] and women [42% (31-52%)] with PD. However, women were markedly underrepresented in intervention trials targeting FOG, with an average proportion of only 29.6% of women in trial populations. The percentage of women included in trials was similar across intervention types but differed greatly across geographical regions. Conclusion Sex is not a predictor of FOG. This could aid clinicians in counseling persons with PD about FOG. Importantly, a global effort is needed to include more women into clinical trials. Given the skewed distribution of men and women included in intervention trials targeting FOG, caution might be warranted when extrapolating results from FOG trials to women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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“…This associates with a significant reduction in quality of life in women with PD (41). Also, higher anxiety levels have been reported in women with PD, especially in the early clinical phase of the disease (42)(43)(44).…”

Section: Sex and Gender Aspects In Non-motor Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender can influence individual coping strategies and should be taken into account in systematically measuring differences in distress and coping (43). General studies on gender differences coping strategies are conflicting.…”

Section: Gender Aspects In Coping and Informal Carementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Sex and Gender on the Multidisciplinary Management of Care for Persons With Parkinson's Disease

Göttgens¹,

Halteren

Vries

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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The impact of sex and gender on disease incidence, progression, and provision of care has gained increasing attention in many areas of medicine. Biological factors-sex-and sociocultural and behavioral factors-gender-greatly impact on health and disease. While sex can modulate disease progression and response to therapy, gender can influence patient-provider communication, non-pharmacological disease management, and need for assistance. Sex and gender issues are especially relevant in chronic progressive diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), because affected patients require multidisciplinary care for prolonged periods of time. In this perspective paper, we draw from evidence in the field of PD and various other areas of medicine to address how sex and gender could impact PD care provision. We highlight examples for which differences have been reported and formulate research topics and considerations on how to optimize the multidisciplinary care of persons with PD.

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“…Female patients were reported to present more often with tremor [ 34 ], later emerging of motor symptoms and higher propensity to develop postural instability [ 35 ]. Male patients, on the other hand, had been recently associated with later development of freezing gait [ 7 ]. In our study, female patients were reported to have more severity of motor symptoms than male patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have revealed the male as a prominent risk factor for developing PD and male to female ratios for incidence rates vary from 1.37 to 3.7 [ 6 ]. Moreover, males and females are different in mortality rate, disease progression, clinical profile (motor and nonmotor symptoms), response to pharmacological therapies and deep brain stimulation procedure (DBS) [ 7 ]. Although the present research results are not completely consistent, it is an indisputable fact that gender differences exist in PD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Was Associated with Depression but Not with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Qin

Liu

et al. 2021

Parkinson's Disease

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Objective. To investigate the association between gender and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions, as well as gender and other motor symptoms/nonmotor symptoms, in a sample of PD patients. Methods. 186 patients with PD were recruited into this study and divided into male PD group (M-PD) and female PD group (FM-PD). Demographic and PD-related clinical information of the participants were collected by the same neurologist. PD patients were objectively assessed by a spectrum of rating scales of motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms (including GI dysfunctions). The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 statistical software. Results. Totally 95 cases (51.08%) were in the M-PD group and 91 cases (48.92%) in the FM-PD group. There were no significant differences in age, BMI, and lifestyles between the two groups (P > 0.05). Males had higher educational level (P = 0.002). Females were more likely to have early satiety and loss of appetite (P = 0.025, P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in LED disease duration, age of motor symptoms onset, types of motor symptoms onset, location of motor symptoms onset, and phenotype of motor symptoms between the two groups (P > 0.05). Females had significantly higher UPDRS-III and HAMD scores than males (P = 0.037, P = 0.034). There were no significant differences in PQSI, ESS, RLS, RBD, HAMA, HAMD, and MoCA scores between the two groups. Gender was associated with HAMD (OR = 0.682, P = 0.019). Conclusions. Gender is a risk factor for depression, but not for GI dysfunctions in patients with PD.

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Sex differences in Parkinson's disease presentation and progression

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

Sex and freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sex and freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Impact of Sex and Gender on the Multidisciplinary Management of Care for Persons With Parkinson's Disease

Gender Was Associated with Depression but Not with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

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