Sex differences in drug abuse: Etiology, prevention, and treatment.

Evans, Suzette M.; Reynolds, Brady

doi:10.1037/pha0000041

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Treatment for substance use disorders is influenced by patient gender with women having more barriers to access, more severe problems at treatment entry, and lower rates of completion of substance use treatment . The rate of opioid abuse is also greater in women than in men . Women are more likely to use opioids consistent with their prescription instructions, are more likely to use via the intended route of administration, and are more likely than men to use opioids to cope with psychiatric symptoms and negative affect .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine Research—A 2018 Update

Safdar

Ayala

Ali

et al. 2019

Academic Emergency Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The objectives were to 1) evaluate the inclusion of sex and gender in publications by emergency medicine (EM) researchers following the 2014 federal mandate and an Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference on sex-and gender-based research and 2) assess trends compared with 2011 status report that showed 29% studies used sex and gender in the study design and 2% reported it as a primary outcome.Methods: Using MEDLINE, the term "emergency" was used to identify all English-language studies of adult humans published between 2014 and 2017 as EM affiliated (i.e., the first, second, or last author belonged to an EM section, division, center, or institution functioning as emergency department). Four trained abstractors reviewed the data using a standardized data abstraction form.Results: The search revealed 6,442 articles using the selected "emergency" terms, and 2,628 original studies coded as EM-affiliated publications were reviewed, 2,340 met inclusion criteria, and 2,336 were analyzed. This compared to 750 articles reviewed in 2011 using similar search strategy. The adjusted inter-rater reliability for data abstraction was 97% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 95.4%-98.6%]. The leading study areas contributing the most articles were cardiovascular (17.5%), administration/crowding (15.8%), infectious diseases (9.2%), trauma/injury (9.2%), emergency medical services (6.1%), and pulmonary (6.1%). Eighty-six percent (n = 1,921) reported the sex/gender composition of the sample and 0.4% (n = 8) reported transgender identity. Thirty-four percent used sex/gender in the study design, with 27% (n = 609) reporting it as a control variable, 24% (n = 543) as an independent variable, and 2% using sex/gender as primary outcome. Studies funded by federal sources were significantly more likely to include sex/gender in the study design than other sources of funding (odds ratio = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.4-2.2).Conclusions: Compared to 2011, we noted an increase in the number of EM scholarship and use of sex and gender in study design, yet the proportion evaluating it as a primary outcome remained unchanged.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine Research—A 2018 Update

Safdar

Ayala

Ali

et al. 2019

Academic Emergency Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ical research, and therefore the evidence that drives their care is less robust" (p. 391). Furthermore, sex/gender similarities should be considered as important and interesting as sex/gender differences and should be treated as such in articles (Evans & Reynolds, 2015;Rutter et al, 2003). Specifically, a null finding or small effect size with regard to sex/gender data is equally important when the goals are a clear understanding of the etiology of psychopathology (Rutter et al, 2003) and reliable and valid assessment and treatment strategies across sex/gender.…”

Section: Representative Samples and Clear Sample Descriptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, delineating sex and gender differences is important in continued efforts to assess and treat psychopathology effectively in all persons, as well as for the development of comprehensive etiological models (Eaton et al, 2012). Moreover, it is important to document differences and similarities (Evans & Reynolds, 2015), as both are vital to a full understanding of the etiology of psychopathology. Researchers in the broader health science community are calling on their colleagues to consider and accurately report sex and gender constructs at each stage of the research process (Day, Mason, Tannenbaum, & Rochon, 2017;Heidari, Babor, De Castro, Tort, & Curno, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and gender in psychopathology: DSM–5 and beyond.

Hartung

Lefler

2019

Psychological Bulletin

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sex and gender differences in psychopathology have been understudied, yet identifying and understanding variability by sex and gender is important for the development of comprehensive etiological models as well as effective assessment and treatment of psychopathology in all persons. In the current article, we discuss the importance of sex and gender in psychopathology research, review terminology used when examining these constructs, and present multiple explanations for differential prevalence rates. Next, we review articles from psychopathology journals and conclude that researchers more often include both males and females than they did two decades ago, but still do not consistently analyze by sex or gender. We also provide an update of male-to-female ratios as presented in the DSM-5 and conduct a systematic review of the literature for selected disorders. We conclude that the DSM-5 presentation of sex or gender ratios is not systematic. Finally, we provide suggestions for the next DSM task force, researchers, journal editors, and funding agencies. These recommendations focus on more consistently and systematically considering sex and gender in all aspects of psychopathology research.

show abstract

“…Research on gender differences in substance abuse has remained of interest for decades (Evans & Reynolds, 2015; Wilson, 1987b). This research is at its best when there are theory-driven hypotheses associated with gender to test.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of alcohol on emotion in social drinkers

Sayette

2017

Behaviour Research and Therapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding why people drink alcohol and in some cases develop drinking problems has long puzzled researchers, clinicians, and patients alike. In the mid-1940s and early 1950s, experimental research began to systematically investigate alcohol’s hedonic properties. Presumably, alcohol consumption would prove reinforcing as a consequence of its capacity either to relieve stress or to brighten positive emotional experiences. This article reviews experimental research through the years examining the impact of alcohol on both the relief of negative affect and the enhancement of positive affect. It covers initial accounts that emphasized direct pharmacological effects of ethanol on the central nervous system. These early studies offered surprisingly tepid support for the premise that alcohol improved emotional states. Next, studies conducted in the 1970s are considered. Informed by social learning theory and employing advances derived from experimental psychology, this research sought to better understand the complex effects of alcohol on emotion. Coverage of this work is followed by discussion of current formulations, which integrate biological and behavioral approaches with the study of cognitive, affective, and social processes. These current perspectives provide insight into the particular conditions under which alcohol can boost emotional experiences. Finally, future research directions and clinical implications are considered.

show abstract

Sex differences in drug abuse: Etiology, prevention, and treatment.

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Inclusion of Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine Research—A 2018 Update

Inclusion of Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine Research—A 2018 Update

Sex and gender in psychopathology: DSM–5 and beyond.

The effects of alcohol on emotion in social drinkers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About