Sex differences in cognitive abilities: Analyses for the German WAIS-IV

Daseking, Monika; Petermann, Franz; Waldmann, Hans-Christian

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.003

Cited by 70 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These variables have some of the strongest associations with age, as indicated by the correlations reported in Table 2. Consistent with the previous research, we found a female advantage in verbal episodic memory (Herlitz et al, 1999(Herlitz et al, , 1997Salthouse, 2004a;Salthouse & Ferrer-Caja, 2003;Schaie & Willis, 1993;Zelinski et al, 1993) and in processing speed (Camarata & Woodstock, 2006;Daseking et al, 2017;Irwing, 2012), and a male advantage in spatial visualization ability (e.g., Maeda & Yoon, 2013;Salthouse, 2004a;Salthouse & Ferrer-Caja, 2003). These advantages were evident after statistically controlling for age, self-rated health, and education.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Similarly, Irwing (2012) examined gender differences in the WAIS-III using the US standardization sample spanning across ages 16-89 years using both hierarchical and bi-factor multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. Results indicated a male advantage in g, and in the information, arithmetic, and symbol search tasks, and, consistent with Daseking et al (2017), there was a female advantage in processing speed.…”

Section: Gender Differences In Cognition Across the Adult Lifespansupporting

confidence: 61%

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Examining Gender Differences in Neurocognitive Functioning Across Adulthood

Siedlecki

Falzarano

Salthouse

2019

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective:Previous research has shown that women have an advantage on verbal episodic memory and processing speed tasks, while men show an advantage on spatial ability measures. Previous work has also found differences in cognition across age. The current study examines gender differences in neurocognitive functioning across adulthood, whether age moderates this effect, and whether these differences remain consistent with practice across multiple testing sessions.Method:Data from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project were used, which included participants between the ages of 18 and 99 years (N = 5125). Participants completed measures assessing five cognitive domains: episodic memory, processing speed, reasoning, spatial visualization, and vocabulary.Results:Results showed that gender was significantly related to memory, speed, and spatial visualization, but not to vocabulary or reasoning. Results of invariance analyses across men and women provided evidence of configural and metric invariance, along with partial scalar invariance. Additionally, there was little evidence that age or practice influenced the gender effect on neurocognition.Conclusions:Consistent with the previous research, these results suggest that there is a female advantage in episodic memory and processing speed, and a male advantage in spatial visualization. Gender was shown to influence cognition similarly across adulthood. Furthermore, the influence of gender remained the same across three sessions, which is consistent with the previous work that has shown that training does not differentially impact performance on spatial ability measures for females compared to males.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Gender Differences In Cognition Across the Adult Lifespansupporting

confidence: 61%

Examining Gender Differences in Neurocognitive Functioning Across Adulthood

Siedlecki

Falzarano

Salthouse

2019

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Such differences can be a result of the critical subtests measuring different narrow abilities than the other subtests loading on the same latent variable. Previous literature on gender differences in a variety of cognitive abilities already discussed the roles of gender-specific modality preferences, psychosocial and biological factors, strategies in information processing, and genetic effects (Daseking, Petermann, & Waldmann, 2017; Goldbeck, Daseking, Hellwig-Brida, Waldmann, & Petermann, 2010; Lepach, Reimers, Pauls, Petermann, & Daseking, 2015; Lynn, 1994; Pauls, Petermann, & Lepach, 2013a). Following the recommendations by Byrne, Shavelson, and Muthén (1989) that full scalar invariance is not an indispensable prerequisite for further tests of invariance, subsequent invariance analyses could be conducted based on the partial scalar invariance model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Invariance Across Gender on the Second-Order Five-Factor Model of the German Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition

2019

Self Cite

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The present study investigated measurement invariance across gender on the German Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition (WISC-V). The higher order model that was preferred by the test publishers was tested on a population-representative German sample of 1,411 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 16 years. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test for measurement invariance. As soon as partial scalar invariance could be established by freeing nonequivalent subtest intercepts, results demonstrated that 11 out of 15 subtest scores have the same meaning for male and female children. These findings support interpretable comparisons of the WISC-V test scores between males and females but only in due consideration of partial scalar invariance and with respect to the underlying factor structure. Despite this, however, results did not support the overall structural validity of the higher order model. Thus, replacing the former Perceptual Reasoning factor by Fluid Reasoning and Visual Spatial may be considered inappropriate due to the redundancy of the FRI as a separate factor. Results also indicated that the WISC-V provides stronger measurement of general intelligence ( Full Scale IQ) than measurements of cognitive subdomains (WISC-V indexes). Interpretative emphasis should thus be placed on the Full Scale IQ rather than the WISC-V indexes.

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“…Second, it might be worthwhile to investigate subgroups with regard to different personality-intelligence relations. Gender differences are regularly investigated in personality (e.g., [73]) and intelligence (e.g., [74,75]) research. In addition, considering less obviously classifiable groups might provide deeper insights regarding the personality-intelligence relations (e.g., based on latent class analysis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender was controlled for in all analyses as gender differences were reported both for personality (e.g., [73]) and intelligence (e.g., [74,75]). In general, the results were similar (personality-intelligence relations) or slightly stronger (evaluation of the Brunswik symmetry) if gender was not controlled for.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relation of Personality and Intelligence—What Can the Brunswik Symmetry Principle Tell Us?

et al. 2018

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Personality and intelligence are defined as hierarchical constructs, ranging from broad g-factors to (domain-)specific constructs. The present study investigated whether different combinations of hierarchical levels lead to different personality-intelligence correlations. Based on the integrative data analysis approach, we combined a total of five data sets. The focus of the first study (N = 682) was an elaborated measurement of personality (NEO-PI-R), which was applied with a relatively short intelligence test (Intelligence Structure Test 2000 R). In the second study (N = 413), a comprehensive measurement of intelligence (Berlin Intelligence Structure test) was used with a shorter personality questionnaire (NEO-FFI). In line with the Brunswik symmetry principle, the findings emphasize that personality-intelligence correlations varied greatly across the hierarchical levels of constructs considered in the analysis. On average, Openness showed the largest relation with intelligence. We recommend for future studies to investigate personality-intelligence relations at more fine-grained levels based on elaborated measurements of both personality and intelligence.

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Sex differences in cognitive abilities: Analyses for the German WAIS-IV

Cited by 70 publications

References 18 publications

Examining Gender Differences in Neurocognitive Functioning Across Adulthood

Examining Gender Differences in Neurocognitive Functioning Across Adulthood

Measurement Invariance Across Gender on the Second-Order Five-Factor Model of the German Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition

The Relation of Personality and Intelligence—What Can the Brunswik Symmetry Principle Tell Us?

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