Sex differences in brown adipose tissue activity and cold-induced thermogenesis

Herz, Carsten Thilo; Kulterer, Oana C.; Prager, Marlene; Marculescu, Rodrig; Langer, Felix B.; Prager, Gerhard; Kautzky‐Willer, Alexandra; Haug, Alexander; Kiefer, Florian W.

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2021.111365

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Another report indicated that brown adipogenic potentials, such as thermogenic gene expression, oxygen consumption rate, and lipolysis ability, were impaired in preadipocytes isolated from subcutaneous fat tissues of obese individuals [ 184 ]. Although gender differences in the prevalence of BAT are still controversial, the thermogenic response to cold exposure was greater in females than in males, implying that sex steroids might contribute to different thermogenic processes [ 185 , 186 , 187 ]. Altogether, this evidence suggests that lower mass and BAT activity in obese individuals may make them more intolerant to obesity and related metabolic disorders.…”

Section: Obesity and Mitochondrial Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in the Regulation of Thermogenic Brown Fats and Human Metabolic Diseases

Takeda

Harada

Yoshikawa

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Brown fats specialize in thermogenesis by increasing the utilization of circulating blood glucose and fatty acids. Emerging evidence suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) prevents the incidence of obesity-associated metabolic diseases and several types of cancers in humans. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in brown/beige adipocytes regulates both uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent and -independent thermogenesis for cold adaptation and the utilization of excess nutrients and energy. Many studies on the quantification of human BAT indicate that mass and activity are inversely correlated with the body mass index (BMI) and visceral adiposity. Repression is caused by obesity-associated positive and negative factors that control adipocyte browning, de novo adipogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, UCP1 expression and activity, and noradrenergic response. Systemic and local factors whose levels vary between lean and obese conditions include growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, and metal ions such as selenium and iron. Modulation of obesity-associated repression in human brown fats is a promising strategy to counteract obesity and related metabolic diseases through the activation of thermogenic capacity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mitochondrial metabolism, thermogenic regulation of brown fats, and human metabolic diseases.

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Section: Obesity and Mitochondrial Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in the Regulation of Thermogenic Brown Fats and Human Metabolic Diseases

Takeda

Harada

Yoshikawa

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Inclusion criteria were an age between 20 and 50 years (for both cohorts) as well as a body mass index (BMI) from 18.5-25 kg/m 2 for lean participants, 30-38 kg/m 2 for obese individuals in cohort 1 and 35-55 kg/m 2 for obese individuals in cohort 2. Participants were recruited at the Vienna General Hospital: cohort 1 between February 2015 and June 2017 and cohort 2 between May 2017 and May 2019 (24)(25)(26)(27). Exclusion criteria in both cohorts were diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune disease requiring systemic immunomodulatory therapy, and any endocrinological disease except substituted hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity is associated with a higher Torque Teno viral load compared to leanness

Herz

Kulterer²,

Kulifaj³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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IntroductionObesity affects a rising proportion of the population and is an important risk factor for unfavorable outcomes in viral disease including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2- associated diseases. Torque Teno virus (TTV) is a ubiquitous and apathogenic virus which reflects the immune function of its host. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between obesity and TTV load - an indirect marker of compromised viral immune response.MethodsTTV was quantified by TTV R-GENE® PCR in a total of 89 participants of which 30 were lean (BMI <25 kg/m2) and 59 were obese (BMI >30 kg/m2). For 38 subjects, follow-up was available after bariatric surgery.ResultsTTV load was higher in individuals with obesity (median 2.39, IQR: 1.69–3.33 vs. 1.88, IQR 1.08–2.43 log10 copies/mL; p = 0.027). Multivariable linear modeling revealed an independent association between TTV load and obesity. TTV was positively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio and inversely with 25OH vitamin D levels. Interleukin 6 and fasting insulin resistance were confounders of the association between TTV and obesity, while age was an effect modifier. TTV load increased by 87% (95% CI 2–243%) in the year following bariatric surgery.DiscussionA higher TTV load in obese individuals may reflect compromised immune function and thus might serve for risk stratification of unfavorable outcomes during infectious disease, including coronavirus disease 2019, in this population. Our data warrant further analysis of TTV-based risk assessment in obese individuals in the context of infectious disease-associated outcomes.

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“…Remarkably, conditional ablation of selenoprotein synthesis through Trsp gene knockout within a small neural population resulted in substantial changes in the ability of mice to gain excess weight while fed an HFD. The sexual dimorphism displayed by Trsp Agrp KO mice may have implications for the apparent sex differences in lipid metabolism that have been observed in humans, particularly with regard to sympathetic activation of adipose tissue and thermogenesis [49,50]. We believe our findings provide novel insight into the interaction between selenium biology and energy homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Female Mice with Selenocysteine tRNA Deletion in Agrp Neurons Maintain Leptin Sensitivity and Resist Weight Gain While on a High-Fat Diet

Torres

Pitts

Seale

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The role of the essential trace element selenium in hypothalamic physiology has begun to come to light over recent years. Selenium is used to synthesize a family of proteins participating in redox reactions called selenoproteins, which contain a selenocysteine residue in place of a cysteine. Past studies have shown that disrupted selenoprotein expression in the hypothalamus can adversely impact energy homeostasis. There is also evidence that selenium supports leptin signaling in the hypothalamus by maintaining proper redox balance. In this study, we generated mice with conditional knockout of the selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec gene (Trsp) in an orexigenic cell population called agouti-related peptide (Agrp)-positive neurons. We found that female TrspAgrpKO mice gain less weight while on a high-fat diet, which occurs due to changes in adipose tissue activity. Female TrspAgrpKO mice also retained hypothalamic sensitivity to leptin administration. Male mice were unaffected, however, highlighting the sexually dimorphic influence of selenium on neurobiology and energy homeostasis. These findings provide novel insight into the role of selenoproteins within a small yet heavily influential population of hypothalamic neurons.

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Sex differences in brown adipose tissue activity and cold-induced thermogenesis

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in the Regulation of Thermogenic Brown Fats and Human Metabolic Diseases

Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in the Regulation of Thermogenic Brown Fats and Human Metabolic Diseases

Obesity is associated with a higher Torque Teno viral load compared to leanness

Female Mice with Selenocysteine tRNA Deletion in Agrp Neurons Maintain Leptin Sensitivity and Resist Weight Gain While on a High-Fat Diet

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