Sex Differences and Specificity of Anticipation of Coincidence

Petrakis, Elizabeth

doi:10.2466/pms.1985.61.3f.1135

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This argument holds that males are typically encouraged to develop their athletic prowess, while females are instructed to behave in a feminine manner, which often translates into an avoidance of most sports and vigorous activities. However, when women are allowed to develop their athletic skills and receive training like men, a similar performance is seen (Petrakis, 1985). Regarding the second assumption, men's greater visuospatial skill has been corroborated (Bell, Willson, Wilman, Dave, & Silverstone, 2006;Dane & Erzurumluoglu, 2003;Parsons et al, 2004;Voyer, Rodgers, & McCormick, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Functional asymmetry in a simple coincidence‐anticipation task: Effects of handedness

Rodrigues

Vasconcelos

Barreiros

et al. 2009

European Journal of Sport Science

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Right-and left-handed performance presents different degrees of manual functional asymmetry, because left-handers usually present lower asymmetry in several tasks. Thus, we asked 27 right-handed and 33 left-handed male and female adolescents to perform a coincidence-anticipation task. Absolute, constant, and variable errors were calculated for each participant, for the preferred and non-preferred hand, as well as the performance asymmetry index. Results demonstrated that: (i) right-and left-handers performed to a similar level; (ii) both right-and left-handers were less variable when using their left hand; (iii) males were more accurate and less variable than their female counterparts. Although handedness failed to show a significant effect, our results demonstrate that both performing hand and gender have an influence on coincidence timing ability. The gender-related effect lends support to the idea that differences exist in the neural mechanisms of visuospatial processing between the sexes, and the performing hand-related effect is supposed to reflect the right hemisphere advantage in movement planning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Functional asymmetry in a simple coincidence‐anticipation task: Effects of handedness

Rodrigues

Vasconcelos

Barreiros

et al. 2009

European Journal of Sport Science

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“…Two studies, which used the Bassin timer to look at the male advantage for CAT, failed to produce good evidence for the influence of experience. Petrakis (1985) recruited female softball players (N = 9) and male baseball players (N = 15) and found no significant sex difference in terms of accuracy. Unfortunately, this failure to find a significant sex difference is not strong evidence for the effect of experience because there was no control group of women who did not play ball games.…”

Section: Possible Origins Of the Sex Differences In Catmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sex Differences in Accuracy and Precision When Judging Time to Arrival: Data from Two Internet Studies

Sanders

Sinclair

2010

Arch Sex Behav

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We report two Internet studies that investigated sex differences in the accuracy and precision of judging time to arrival. We used accuracy to mean the ability to match the actual time to arrival and precision to mean the consistency with which each participant made their judgments. Our task was presented as a computer game in which a toy UFO moved obliquely towards the participant through a virtual three-dimensional space on route to a docking station. The UFO disappeared before docking and participants pressed their space bar at the precise moment they thought the UFO would have docked. Study 1 showed it was possible to conduct quantitative studies of spatiotemporal judgments in virtual reality via the Internet and confirmed reports that men are more accurate because women underestimate, but found no difference in precision measured as intra-participant variation. Study 2 repeated Study 1 with five additional presentations of one condition to provide a better measure of precision. Again, men were more accurate than women but there were no sex differences in precision. However, within the coincidence-anticipation timing (CAT) literature, of those studies that report sex differences, a majority found that males are both more accurate and more precise than females. Noting that many CAT studies report no sex differences, we discuss appropriate interpretations of such null findings. While acknowledging that CAT performance may be influenced by experience we suggest that the sex difference may have originated among our ancestors with the evolutionary selection of men for hunting and women for gathering.

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“…It should be kept in mind that alcoholism has several causes. Recently, evidence has suggested that some forms of alcoholism have a significant genetic basis (Cloninger, Bohman, & Sigvardsson, 1981;Goodwin 1976Goodwin , 1979Petrakis, 1985). The evidence is strongest for early onset alcohol addiction that is associated with a general disposition toward impulsive and antisocial behavior; however, it is important to stress that genes are not the only cause of alcoholism.…”

Section: Drunken Relief: Alcohol and The Allocation Of Attention To Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects.

Steele¹,

Josephs²

1990

American Psychologist

1,690

1,539

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This article explains how alcohol makes social responses more extreme, enhances important self-evaluations, and relieves anxiety and depression, effects that underlie both the social destructiveness of alcohol and the reinforcing effects that make it an addictive substance. The theories are based on alcohol's impairment of perception and thought--the myopia it causes--rather than on the ability of alcohol's pharmacology to directly cause specific reactions or on expectations associated with alcohol's use. Three conclusions are offered (a) Alcohol makes social behaviors more extreme by blocking a form of response conflict. (b) The same process can inflate self-evaluations. (c) Alcohol myopia, in combination with distracting activity, can reliably reduce anxiety and depression in all drinkers by making it difficult to allocate attention to the thoughts that provoke these states. These theories are discussed in terms of their significance for the prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse.

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Sex Differences and Specificity of Anticipation of Coincidence

Cited by 29 publications

References 3 publications

Functional asymmetry in a simple coincidence‐anticipation task: Effects of handedness

Functional asymmetry in a simple coincidence‐anticipation task: Effects of handedness

Sex Differences in Accuracy and Precision When Judging Time to Arrival: Data from Two Internet Studies

Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects.

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