Sex difference or hormonal difference in mental rotation? The influence of ovarian milieu

Peragine, Diana E.; Simeon-Spezzaferro, Chiara; Brown, Alana; Gervais, Nicole; Hampson, Elizabeth; Einstein, Gillian

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104488

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The scientific articles we reviewed focus on several subjects: Seventeen articles focused on the association between sex/gender, risk of disease and response to therapy, mainly in the field of cardiovascular diseases and related disorders [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Two articles studied the influence of sex/gender on treatment decisions and care plans [33,34]; 5 articles focused on associations between sex/gender and the human brain, cognition, and mood [25,[35][36][37][38] ; 2 dealt with the effect of sex/gender on working conditions and promotion in healthcare [39,40], 2 focused on sex/gender in medical education [41,42] and 1 focused on sex in preclinical research [43]. The articles we reviewed are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Analysis Of Gm Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dividing men and women into two biological categories with different features and qualities constituted the basis for women's oppression throughout history [82,83]. Several GM publications assume the existence of biological differences between male and female brains, cognitive abilities, and emotional expressions, attributing these to biological factors such as sex hormones [36,37]. However, scientific evidence shows that even when a statistically significant difference in found, considerable overlap in the distribution of measurements of single variables (e.g., specific psychological qualities and cognitive abilities) between the sexes exists [5,6,84].…”

Section: Is There a Binary Division Between The Physiology Of Women And Men?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Feminism, gender medicine and beyond: a feminist analysis of "gender medicine"

Shai

Koffler²,

Hashiloni‐Dolev

2021

Int J Equity Health

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The feminist women’s health movement empowered women’s knowledge regarding their health and battled against paternalistic and oppressive practices within healthcare systems. Gender Medicine (GM) is a new discipline that studies the effect of sex/gender on general health. The international society for gender medicine (IGM) was embraced by the FDA and granted funds by the European Union to formulate policies for medical practice and research.We conducted a review of IGM publications and policy statements in scientific journals and popular media. We found that while biological differences between men and women are emphasized, the impact of society on women is under- represented. The effect of gender-related violence, race, ethnic conflicts, poverty, immigration and discrimination on women’s health is seldom recognized. Contrary to feminist practice, GM is practiced by physicians and scientists, neglecting voices of other disciplines and of women themselves.In this article we show that while GM may promote some aspects of women’s health, at the same time it reaffirms conservative positions on sex and gender that can serve to justify discrimination and disregard the impact of society on women’s lives and health. An alternative approach, that integrates feminist thinking and practices into medical science, practice and policies is likely to result in a deep and beneficiary change in women’s health worldwide.

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Section: Analysis Of Gm Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Is There a Binary Division Between The Physiology Of Women And Men?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feminism, gender medicine and beyond: a feminist analysis of "gender medicine"

Shai

Koffler²,

Hashiloni‐Dolev

2021

Int J Equity Health

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“…Accordingly, E2 has known effects on cognition, particularly memory. Verbal memory performance, for instance, improves during menstrual cycle phases with higher E2 [ 6 ], while visuospatial performance improves during lower E2 phases [ 7 ]. Women with ovarian removal prior to natural menopause are at greater risk for developing dementia [ 8 ], but show preserved performance on associative memory and episodic memory [ 9 ] as well as working memory [ 10 ] with E2 replacement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, EE binds to the same estrogen receptors as E2 in the brain [ 18 ]. Although no study has considered variations in EE levels over a 24-hour period when investigating cognition in OC, one study found visuospatial performance was worse in women who have taken their pill for the day as compared to women who had not yet taken their pill [ 7 ]. This finding suggests that short term fluctuations in EE may influence cognitive performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do oral contraceptives affect young women’s memory? Dopamine-dependent working memory is influenced by COMT genotype, but not time of pill ingestion

2021

Self Cite

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Background Despite the widespread use of oral contraceptives (OCs), and the well-documented influence of estrogens, notably 17β-estradiol (E2), on cognition, research relating OCs to working memory is limited and mixed. Two factors may contribute to these mixed findings: 1) pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives, which drive fluctuations in synthetic hormone levels; and 2) genetic polymorphisms related to dopamine degradation and working memory, which interact with E2. This research investigated whether the pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives, in concert with the single nucleotide polymorphism (Val158Met; rs4680) of the catechol-o-methyltransferase gene (COMT), influence working memory performance. Methods University-age women taking and not taking OCs were tested for working memory and genotyped for COMT. If they were not taking OCs (n = 62), sessions occurred in the early follicular (low E2) and late follicular (high E2) phase. If they were taking OCs (n = 52), sessions occurred 1–2 hours after (high ethinyl estradiol, EE) and ~24 hours after (low EE) pill ingestion. Working memory was tested using the N-back, AX-CPT, Digit Span, and Digit Ordering Tasks. Data were analyzed using multilevel models with estrogen condition, COMT, and group as predictors, controlling for mood and practice effects. Results For women taking OCs, time of pill ingestion did not influence performance. However, the subgroup with COMT val/val (low dopamine) were less accurate on 2-back lure trials than those with COMT met/met (high dopamine). For women not taking OCs, cycle phase moderated COMT’s influence on lure accuracy. When compared, women taking OCs had higher AX-CPT proactive control indices than those not taking OCs. Conclusion These findings suggest that oral contraceptives are not detrimental for young women’s working memory and that they may increase proactive control. The more pronounced effects of COMT in women taking OCs suggests that, in women taking OCs, suppressed endogenous E2–not fluctuating EE levels–may be more relevant for working memory. Future studies are needed to differentiate effects of endogenous versus synthetic estrogens on working memory.

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“…Because systemically-delivered therapies that cross the blood-brain barrier (e.g., pills, patches, creams) will affect the entire brain, it is critical to determine how estrogens affect multiple brain regions within the memory circuitry rather than just a single brain region. More immediately, millions of women already take exogenous estrogens as part of existing hormone therapies (e.g., hormonal contraceptives, menopausal hormone therapy), and thus, appreciating how estrogens affect global brain function may provide insights into effects of these treatments on cognition (Griksiene and Ruksenas, 2011;Peragine et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

It takes a neural village: Circuit-based approaches for estrogenic regulation of episodic memory

Schwabe

Taxier

2020

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

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Cognitive behaviors, such as episodic memory formation, are complex processes involving coordinated activity in multiple brain regions. However, much of the research on hormonal regulation of cognition focuses on manipulation of one region at a time or provides a single snapshot of how a systemic treatment affects multiple brain regions without investigating how these regions might interact to mediate hormone effects. Here, we use estrogenic regulation of episodic memory as an example of how circuit-based approaches may be incorporated into future studies of hormones and cognition. We first review basic episodic memory circuitry, rapid mechanisms by which 17β-estradiol can alter circuit activity, and current knowledge about 17βestradiol's effects on episodic memory. Next, we outline approaches that researchers can employ to consider circuit effects in their estrogen research and provide examples of how these methods have been used to examine hormonal regulation of memory and other behaviors.

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Sex difference or hormonal difference in mental rotation? The influence of ovarian milieu

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Feminism, gender medicine and beyond: a feminist analysis of "gender medicine"

Feminism, gender medicine and beyond: a feminist analysis of "gender medicine"

Do oral contraceptives affect young women’s memory? Dopamine-dependent working memory is influenced by COMT genotype, but not time of pill ingestion

It takes a neural village: Circuit-based approaches for estrogenic regulation of episodic memory

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