Sex Difference in the Shape of the Mastoid Process in Norma occipitalis and its Importance to the Sex Determination of the Human Skull

Hoshi, Hiroshi

doi:10.2535/ofaj1936.38.5_309

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…M, N and F type (M-male, N-neutral, F-female type). 8 It was also suggested that when skulls were placed on flat surface, the male skulls rest on the mastoid processes while female skulls on occipital condyles or other portions of the skull. 8 This observation indirectly indicates that males skulls have more mastoid length as compared to female skulls, that is why, male skulls rest on mastoid processes but not female skulls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex determination using mastoid process

et al. 2015

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Objective: Osteometric studies using individual bones have been a topic of interest among researchers. Such researches are a tool for conducting studies related to evolution, demographic profiles and forensic sciences. Skull is important in this regard as it resists adverse environmental conditions over time. The mastoid process can thus be used as a marker of sex as well as ancestry of individuals and populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of mastoid process as a tool for sex determination in unidentified skeleton. Materials and Methods: 70 (44 male and 26 female) complete undamaged skulls of known sex were used for the study. Mastoid length was recorded on the right and left mastoid process in each skull. Measurements were made with a digital vernier caliper. Results: Statistics revealed high significance (p<0.0001) for the mastoid length for sex determination. Conclusion: Reports on the use of mastoid process as a tool for sex estimation in unidentified human skeleton have been reported in different populations. The present study supports this finding among the Indian population.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex determination using mastoid process

et al. 2015

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“…Measurement-based work obviously accommodates variation in size and shape. There are also several classifications of selected anatomical structures, which feature categories ranked from gracile to robust, that are designed to help with the visual assessment of shape (Hoshi 1962;WEA 1980;Buikstra and Ubelaker 1994;Walker 2008).…”

Section: Approaches To Sex Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Age and Sex from the Skeleton, a Paleopathological Perspective

Milner

Boldsen

2011

A Companion to Paleopathology

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“…Numerous previous studies have pointed out that the mastoid process is a useful cranial region for diagnosing sex (e.g. Hoshi, 1962;Krogman and Iscan, 1986;Demoulin, 1972;Ubelaker, 1989;Stewart, 1979;Workshop of European Anthropologists, 1980;Brothwell, 1981;Krogman and Iscan, 1986;Nakahashi and Nagai, 1986;Mays, 1998;White and Folkens, 2000;Nagaoka and Hirata, 2005;Rogers, 2005). Hoshi (1962) showed that the direction of the tip of the mastoid process is sexually dimorphic; that is, it tends to be vertical in the male and pointed inward in the female.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex determination using mastoid process measurements: standards for Japanese human skeletons of the medieval and early modern periods

Nagaoka

Shizushima²,

Sawada

et al. 2008

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The purpose of this study was to develop new standards for determining the sex of fragmentary human skeletal remains. We measured height, width, and length of the mastoid process in medieval to early modern Japanese skeletons, from the Yuigahama-minami and Hitotsubashi sites, in order to provide a metric standard for the diagnosis of sex using the mastoid process. We calculated discriminant functions based on these measurements; the accuracy of sex classification was over 80% using a single variable, and reached 82-92% with two variables, mastoid height and width. This accuracy is equal to or better than that reported by some previous studies of sex determination using the cranium. However, when we examined intra-and interobserver errors in the mastoid process measurements, we found a high level of errors, and this highlights the difficulty involved in intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility. Our results imply that, in order to achieve reliable results of sex determination using the mastoid process, the measurement methods need to be carefully determined and executed.

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Sex Difference in the Shape of the Mastoid Process in Norma occipitalis and its Importance to the Sex Determination of the Human Skull

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

Sex determination using mastoid process

Sex determination using mastoid process

Estimating Age and Sex from the Skeleton, a Paleopathological Perspective

Sex determination using mastoid process measurements: standards for Japanese human skeletons of the medieval and early modern periods

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