Sex determination using mastoid process

Abstract

Objective: Osteometric studies using individual bones have been a topic of interest among researchers. Such researches are a tool for conducting studies related to evolution, demographic profiles and forensic sciences. Skull is important in this regard as it resists adverse environmental conditions over time. The mastoid process can thus be used as a marker of sex as well as ancestry of individuals and populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of mastoid process as a tool for sex determination in unidentified skeleton. Materials and Methods: 70 (44 male and 26 female) complete undamaged skulls of known sex were used for the study. Mastoid length was recorded on the right and left mastoid process in each skull. Measurements were made with a digital vernier caliper. Results: Statistics revealed high significance (p<0.0001) for the mastoid length for sex determination. Conclusion: Reports on the use of mastoid process as a tool for sex estimation in unidentified human skeleton have been reported in different populations. The present study supports this finding among the Indian population.

Sex determination by osteometric assessment of the mastoid process using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

“…In contrast, in some previous studies, the accuracy of the discriminant model obtained for sex differentiation was low, such as that of Kemkes et al [19] and Singh et al, [25] who achieved 65% and 61% accuracy, respectively. Also in the study of Galdames et al [27] the overall accuracy was 64.2% which was high sensitivity (93%) for men and low sensitivity (17.7%) for women.…”

Comparison of data mining algorithms for sex determination based on mastoid process measurements using cone-beam computed tomography

“…Nonetheless, the findings of the present study can be interpreted in light of previous research on the use of the mastoid process for sex determination. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Ibrahim et al 16 studied 388 computed tomography scans (231 men and 157 women) to present a new equation for sex determination using the mastoid triangle in the Malaysian population in 2018. The parameters of the study included the 3 sides of the rightmost triangle, its circumference, and its area on both sides.…”

“…Nonetheless, the findings of the present study can be interpreted in light of previous research on the use of the mastoid process for sex determination. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 …”

“…The mastoid region is of particular interest from the perspective of the macroscopic identification of sex using bones. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Data mining is a computational process for discovering patterns in large datasets through techniques such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and statistical analyses. The goal of this process is to extract information from a dataset for further use.…”

Osteometric Measurements of Intermastoid Distance for Gender Determination

“…Furthermore, a petrous part of temporal bone is proof against destruction and damage such as burning (Sumati et al, 2010;geethika and Thenmozhi, 2016). The mastoid process is favorable for sex determination as it's one of the most protected vicinity and proof against harm because of its anatomical position at the bottom of the skull (galdames, Matamala and Smith, 2008;Sharma, nidugala and avadhani, 2013;Passey et al, 2015;dofe et al, 2020).…”