Sex Difference in the Effect of ACE-DD Genotype on the Risk of Premature Myocardial Infarction

Petrovič, Daniel; Bregar, Dejan; Guzic-Salobir, B; Škof, Erik; Špan, Matjaž; Terzić, Rifet; Petrovič, Mojca Globočnik; Keber, Irena; Letonja, Mitja; Zorc, Marjeta; Podbregar, Matej; Peterlin, Borut

doi:10.1177/000331970405500207

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…6 Other studies, however, have failed to confirm this. [7][8][9] This inconsistency may be due to differences between studies in terms of ethnicity, [10][11] gender, 10,12 or publication bias (positive results being easier to publish).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme and cardiovascular risk in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

Ljungberg

Alehagen

Länne

et al. 2011

J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst

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Introduction: A polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE I/D polymorphism) has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This polymorphism affects the level of circulating ACE, but there is great individual variation, even between those with the same genotype. Few previous studies have investigated the link between circulating ACE and cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate this association, and to examine the relationship between ACE level, ACE genotype and CVD. Materials and methods:The study population consisted of 322 men and 350 women aged 69-87. Plasma ACE level was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and ACE genotype was analysed using PCR followed by gel electrophoresis. Results: In men, ACE levels increased with increasing number of cardiovascular risk factors (p = 0.003). There was a significant association in men between increased ACE level and both diabetes (p = 0.007) and smoking (p = 0.037).Conclusions: This study shows that cardiovascular risk factors (such as smoking and diabetes) are associated with higher levels of circulating ACE in men. High ACE levels may represent one of the cellular mechanisms involved in producing the vascular damage associated with cardiovascular risk factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme and cardiovascular risk in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

Ljungberg

Alehagen

Länne

et al. 2011

J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Few reports are available in women and are consistent with positive findings in male-dominant populations [8,36]. However, there are also negative reports on the relationship of ACE I/D polymorphism and CAD in women [24,26,37,38] as well as in men [15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…A lack of association between the AT1R polymorphism and CAD was reported in a Japanese, Caucasian and UK population [4,20 -22], whereas evidence of an association between the AT1R polymorphism and CAD in men [23] and in women [24] was reported. All three RAS polymorphisms seem to be particularly important in young subjects [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE-DD genotype is associated with the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome in postmenopausal women

Méthot

Hamelin

Bogaty³

et al. 2005

International Journal of Cardiology

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“…Previous studies of the ACE I/D and AGT-M235T polymorphisms in particular have revealed some evidence of gene by sex interactions. For example, in some studies the ACE D/D genotype has been associated with an increased risk of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction and increased DBP among men, but not among women (O'Donnell et al 1998;Orlowska-Baranowska et al 2004;Petrovic et al 2004). Similarly, The T/T AGT-M235T genotype has been shown to be associated with increased risk of hypertension and increased SBP among women, but not men (Sethi et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific effects of ACE I/D and AGT-M235T on pulse pressure: the HyperGEN Study

et al. 2007

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Evidence shows that an elevated pulse pressure (PP) may lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is also evidence that PP is a sexually dimorphic trait, and that genetic factors influence inter-individual variation in PP. The aim of this project was to assess the genotype-by-sex interaction on PP in a sample of mostly hypertensive African American and White participants using candidate genes involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Subjects were participants in the HyperGEN Study, including men (43%) and women (57%) over the age of 55 years (mean age = 65). Candidate gene polymorphisms used were ACE insertion/deletion (1,789 subjects genotyped) and AGT-M235T (1,800 subjects genotyped). We employed linear regression methods to assess the genotype-by-sex interaction. For ACE, genotype-by-sex interaction on PP was detected (P = 0.04): the "D/D" genotype predicted a 2.2 mmHg higher pulse pressure among women, but a 1.2 mmHg lower PP among men, compared to those with an "I" allele, after adjusting for age, weight, height, ethnicity, and antihypertension medication use. A similar interaction was found for systolic blood pressure. The genotype-by-sex interaction was consistent across ethnicity. The interaction was evident among those on antihypertensive medications (P = 0.05), but not among those not taking such medications (P = 0.55). In our analysis of AGT, no evidence of a genotype-by-sex interaction affecting PP, SBP, or DBP was detected. This evidence for a genotype-by-sex interaction helps our understanding of the complex genetic underpinnings of blood pressure phenotypes.

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Sex Difference in the Effect of ACE-DD Genotype on the Risk of Premature Myocardial Infarction

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

The association between circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme and cardiovascular risk in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

The association between circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme and cardiovascular risk in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

ACE-DD genotype is associated with the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome in postmenopausal women

Sex-specific effects of ACE I/D and AGT-M235T on pulse pressure: the HyperGEN Study

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