Sex Difference in the Associations among Obesity-Related Indices with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Jao, Hsiu-Fen; Wung, Chih-Hsuan; Yu, Hui-Chen; Lee, Mei‐Yueh; Chen, Po-Chih; Chen, Szu-Chia; Chang, Jer‐Ming

doi:10.7150/ijms.63180

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Many anthropometric indicators are simple and convenient tools for evaluating central obesity and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Such indicators include waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), lipid accumulation product (LAP), body roundness index (BRI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), conicity index (CI), and body adiposity index (BAI) (6,7). All of these anthropometric indicators can be calculated using simple clinical measurements such as waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), body height (BH), body weight (BW), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex difference in the associations among obesity-related indices with incidence of diabetes mellitus in a large Taiwanese population follow-up study

Chung

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundObesity is a major risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM), which is in turn a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease and stroke. As few studies have investigated sex differences in the association between obesity and incidence of DM, the aim of this longitudinal study was to explore this issue in a large group of Taiwanese participants.MethodsA total of 24,346 participants were enrolled in this study, of whom 8,334 (mean age, 50.6 ± 11.0 years) were male and 16,012 (mean age, 50.5 ± 10.1 years) were female. The following obesity-related indices were studied: body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body roundness index, conicity index (CI), body adiposity index, abdominal volume index, lipid accumulation product (LAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI).ResultsThe analysis showed significant associations between all of these indices with incidence of DM (all p < 0.001). In the male participants, the strongest predictors for incidence of DM were LAP (AUC = 0.692), WHtR (AUC = 0.684), and WHR (AUC = 0.683). In the female participants, the strongest predictors were LAP (AUC = 0.744), WHtR (AUC = 0.710) and VAI (AUC = 0.710), followed by BRI (AUC = 0.708).ConclusionStrong associations were found between the studied obesity-related indices and incidence of DM, and sex differences were found. Hence, to better control DM, reducing body weight may be beneficial in addition to lifestyle modifications, diet control, and pharmacological interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex difference in the associations among obesity-related indices with incidence of diabetes mellitus in a large Taiwanese population follow-up study

Chung

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“… 4 , 5 In addition, other risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are more predominant in males than in females, which may amplify the impact of HFPG on stroke and its outcomes. 41 , 42 Therefore, restraining the rising trend of stroke burden in males has to initiate a comprehensive strategy for primary control. Despite the higher burden of males, the potential stroke burden of females due to hyperglycemia could not be ignored, especially when the protective effect of estrogen on metabolism and cardiovascular system disappears after menopause, combined with a longer average life expectancy than males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of diabetes in men is significantly higher than in women and is growing at a more rapid speed 4,5 . In addition, other risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are more predominant in males than in females, which may amplify the impact of HFPG on stroke and its outcomes 41,42 . Therefore, restraining the rising trend of stroke burden in males has to initiate a comprehensive strategy for primary control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global disease burden of stroke attributable to high fasting plasma glucose in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study

Liu

Wang

Huang

et al. 2022

Journal of Diabetes

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Background High fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) is the leading risk factor contributing to the increase of stroke burden in the past three decades. However, the global distribution of stroke burden specifically attributable to HFPG was not studied in depth. Therefore, we analyzed the HFPG‐attributable burden in stroke and its subtypes in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Methods Detailed data on stroke burden attributable to HFPG were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The numbers and age‐standardized rates of stroke disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), deaths, years lived with disability, and years of life lost between 1990 and 2019 were estimated by age, sex, and region. Results In 2019, the age‐standardized rate of DALYs (ASDR) of HFPG‐attributable stroke was 354.95 per 100 000 population, among which 49.0% was from ischemic stroke, 44.3% from intracerebral hemorrhage, and 6.6% from subarachnoid hemorrhage. The ASDRs of HFPG‐attributable stroke in lower sociodemographic index (SDI) regions surpassed those in higher SDI regions in the past three decades. Generally, the population aged over 50 years old accounted for 92% of stroke DALYs attributable to HFPG, and males are more susceptible to HFPG‐attributable stroke than females across their lifetime. Conclusions Successful key population initiatives targeting HFPG may mitigate the stroke disease burden. Given the soaring population‐attributable fractions of HFPG for stroke burden worldwide, each country should assess its disease burden and determine targeted prevention and control strategies.

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“…Many simple and conveniently obtained anthropometric indicators have been introduced to assess the central obesity-related risk of metabolic syndrome, including body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body roundness index (BRI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI) [ 8 , 9 ]. These indicators can be calculated using routinely obtained parameters such as body weight (BW) and height (BH), waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Obesity-Related Indices Are Associated with a Low Baseline Calcaneus Ultrasound T-Score, and a Rapid Decline in T-Score in a Large Taiwanese Population Follow-Up Study

et al. 2023

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Osteoporosis results in reduced bone strength and an elevated risk of fractures. Both overweight and underweight have been associated with osteoporosis; however, few studies have examined associations between osteoporosis and indices related to obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations of obesity-related indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body roundness index (BRI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI), with baseline and change in calcaneus ultrasound T-score between baseline and follow-up (ΔT-score). T-score was measured using ultrasound. A total of 26,983 subjects were enrolled (mean age 51.2 ± 10.4 years). Multivariable analysis showed significant associations between low BMI (per 1 kg/m2; β, 0.065), WHR (per 1%; β, 0.012), WHtR (per 1%; β, 0.024), BRI (per 1; β, 0.079), BAI (per 1; β, 0.032), AVI (per 1; β, 0.049), and LAP (per 1; β, 0.005) with low baseline T-scores (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, there were significant associations between low BMI (per 1 kg/m2; β, 0.005; p = 0.036), BAI (per 1; β, 0.010; p < 0.001), and VAI (per 1; β, 0.017; p = 0.002) with low ΔT-scores. A low baseline T-score was significantly associated with low values of LAP, AVI, BAI, BMI, BRI, WHR, and WHtR but not VAI. In addition, low BMI, BAI, and VAI were significantly associated with low ΔT-scores, representing a rapidly decreasing T-score. Consequently, avoiding being underweight may help prevent osteoporosis in the Taiwanese population.

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Sex Difference in the Associations among Obesity-Related Indices with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Sex difference in the associations among obesity-related indices with incidence of diabetes mellitus in a large Taiwanese population follow-up study

Sex difference in the associations among obesity-related indices with incidence of diabetes mellitus in a large Taiwanese population follow-up study

Global disease burden of stroke attributable to high fasting plasma glucose in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study

Low Obesity-Related Indices Are Associated with a Low Baseline Calcaneus Ultrasound T-Score, and a Rapid Decline in T-Score in a Large Taiwanese Population Follow-Up Study

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