Sex determination from os sacrum by postmortem CT

Background: Identification of bony remains and other decomposed parts of human is of great importance not only for legal but also for humanitarian reasons. However, in certain instances due to burial factors or in cases of explosion disasters, many of large bones may be destroyed or incomplete. For age and sex identification, vertebrae aren't well studied; however, many vertebrae showed high accuracy rates for sex identification. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-three Egyptian patients were included in the current study; 62 were females and 61 were males (age from 10 to 64 years). Abdominal Computer tomography (CT) scans were done for those patients in the Department of Radiology in kasralainy faculty of medicine, Cairo University after they gave informed consent. Fifteen linear measurements were taken for the first lumbar vertebra (L1) to assess age and sex. Results: Male patients showed larger mean values most of measurements of the first lumbar vertebra than females and sex was determined at accuracy rate of 84.6%. Moreover, significant correlation was found for age and majority of measurements; but unfortunately it was weak correlation. Conclusion: Sex can be estimated from first lumbar vertebrae with reasonable levels of accuracy in legal and humanitarian situations when skeletal remains are incomplete. However, it seems that vertebral measurements of lumbar vertebra aren't useful indicator for age estimation with further studies needed on larger samples and on different age groups.

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“…Therefore, CT taken measurements are very accurate as caliper measurements of dry bones (Zech et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of sex and age for Egyptians using computed tomography of the first lumbar vertebra

Ramadan

El-Salam

Hanon

et al. 2017

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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“…CT is widely accepted to be a robust technique that can accurately record the dimensions of its subject, including in anthropology (1,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Nevertheless, metric differences can stem from multiple sources of error including the following: scanning parameters, scanner reconstruction algorithms, surface reconstruction parameters, as well as, printing resolution, landmark selection and ruler positioning (31,32).…”

Section: Digitising and Reproducing Bone Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Investigation into the Accuracy of 3D Modeling and 3D Printing in Forensic Anthropology Evidence Reconstruction,

Carew

Morgan

Rando

2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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There is currently no published empirical evidence‐base demonstrating 3D printing to be an accurate and reliable tool in forensic anthropology, despite 3D printed replicas being exhibited as demonstrative evidence in court. In this study, human bones (n = 3) scanned using computed tomography were reconstructed as virtual 3D models (n = 6), and 3D printed using six commercially available printers, with osteometric data recorded at each stage. Virtual models and 3D prints were on average accurate to the source bones, with mean differences from −0.4 to 1.2 mm (−0.4% to 12.0%). Interobserver differences ranged from −5.1 to 0.7 mm (−5.3% to 0.7%). Reconstruction and modeling parameters influenced accuracy, and prints produced using selective laser sintering (SLS) were most consistently accurate. This preliminary investigation into virtual modeling and 3D printer capability provides a novel insight into the accuracy of 3D printing osteological samples and begins to establish an evidence‐base for validating 3D printed bones as demonstrative evidence.

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“…Zech et al [20] concluded that metric measurements based on CT images were very accurate and comparable to caliper measurements on real bones. Although few studies used MSCT in sex identification from T12, no previous study, to my extent of knowledge, tried to evaluate the role of MSCT in age estimation from measurements of T12.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Age and Sex Identification Using Multi-slice Computed Tomography of the Last Thoracic Vertebrae of an Egyptian Sample

Ramadan¹,

Mh²,

Af³

et al. 2017

J Forensic Res

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Introduction: Accurate sex estimation plays a very important role in determining the identity of unknown individuals. Age determination also has become increasingly important in forensic science for both living and remains. Vertebrae are one of the least studied bones for age and sex identification; however, its presence at a death scene is the most common of all. The 12 th thoracic vertebra (T12) is easily identifiable in a disarticulated skeleton, due to its unique morphology. Identification depending on radiological techniques is an emerging valuable tool in forensic science field.

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Sex determination from os sacrum by postmortem CT

Cited by 61 publications

References 22 publications

Identification of sex and age for Egyptians using computed tomography of the first lumbar vertebra

Identification of sex and age for Egyptians using computed tomography of the first lumbar vertebra

A Preliminary Investigation into the Accuracy of 3D Modeling and 3D Printing in Forensic Anthropology Evidence Reconstruction,

Age and Sex Identification Using Multi-slice Computed Tomography of the Last Thoracic Vertebrae of an Egyptian Sample

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