Sex Bias in the Family Allocation of Food and Health Care in Rural Bangladesh

Chen, Lincoln C.; Huq, Emdadul; D’Souza, Stan

doi:10.2307/1972764

Cited by 598 publications

(293 citation statements)

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“…The incidence of anaemia is much greater in the Subcontinent compared even with other poor countries in the world, including Sub-Saharan Africa (Table 3). 18 See, for example, Chen et al (1981) and Kynch and Sen (1983), and the micro studies cited there. 19 On this see also Kynch and Sen (1983), Sen (1984, and Osmani (1997), and the cited empirical sources of the comparisons made in these studies.…”

Section: Higher Maternal Undernourishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper focuses on the pathways that operate through under-nourishment 3 It would be a mistake to try to explain this large phenomenon by invoking the occasional cases of female infanticide that are reported from China or India; these are truly dreadful events when they occur, but they would seem to be statistically extremely rare. 4 On this see Bardhan (1974Bardhan ( , 1984, Chen et al (1981), Kynch and Sen (1983), Sen and Sengupta (1983), Sen (1984. Harriss and Watson (1987), Sen (1989, 1995), Harriss (1990), and Kanbur and Haddad (1990), among other contributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The hidden penalties of gender inequality: fetal origins of ill-health

Osmani

Sen

2003

Economics & Human Biology

226

140

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This paper is concerned with the interconnections between gender inequality and maternal deprivation, on the one hand, and the health of children (of either sex) and of adults that the children grow into (again, of either sex). The basic message of the paper is that women's deprivation in terms of nutrition and healthcare rebounds on the society as a whole in the form of ill-health of their offspring-males and females alike-both as children and as adults. There are a variety of pathways through which women's deprivation can affect the health of the society as a whole. This paper focuses on the pathways that operate through undernourishment of the mother. Maternal deprivation adversely affects the health of the fetus, which in turn leads to long-term health risks that extend not just into childhood but into adulthood as well. There are, however, important differences in the way children and adults experience the consequences of maternal deprivation via fetal deprivation. In particular, the pathways that lead to their respective risk factors and the circumstances under which those risk factors actually translate into ill-health are very different. These differences are best understood through the concept of 'overlapping health transition' in which two different regimes of diseases coexist side by side. Gender inequality exacerbates the old regime of diseases among the less affluent through the pathway of childhood undernutrition. At the same time it also exacerbates the new regime of diseases among the relatively more affluent through a pathway that has come to be known as the 'Barker hypothesis'. Gender inequality thus leads to a double jeopardy-simultaneously aggravating both regimes of diseases and thus raising the economic cost of overlapping health transition.

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Section: Higher Maternal Undernourishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden penalties of gender inequality: fetal origins of ill-health

Osmani

Sen

2003

Economics & Human Biology

226

140

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“…infertility or domestic violence among females, sexual dysfunction among males. In select regions of northwest India, China and South Korea, child health data may be more accurate for male children, given persistent evidence of son preference (Das Gupta 2003), and discrimination against health-seeking for girl children (Chen 1981, Das Gupta 1987, Das Gupta 2003.…”

Section: Part 1: Sex Differences In Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex, gender, and vulnerability

Snow

2008

Global Public Health

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This paper is concerned with how sex chromosomes and gendered experience differentially contribute to health outcomes, and how gender effects provide an underexplored avenue for health intervention. Research on gender and health is currently undermined by conflation of sex and gender in much of the epidemiologic and clinical literature. This precludes any meaningful reflection on the extent to which our genetic blueprint, versus gendered socialisation, contributes to the specific health vulnerabilities of males or females. Drawing on the 2002 global DALYs for males and females, this paper looks at health outcomes that differentially affect males and females, and distinguishes between vulnerabilities linked to the XX or XY genotype, vulnerabilities due to gendered life experience, and vulnerabilities about which we understand relatively little. The paper highlights the dynamic and changeable nature of gendered health vulnerabilities. Given that gender-based risks are in principal amenable to social change, they offer untapped potential for health interventions.

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“…Girls are far less educated than boys (King and Hill, 1993;Lewis and Lockheed, 2008), receive less nutrition (Barrera, 1990;Chen et al, 1981;Das Gupta, 1987), and less healthcare (Chen et al, 1981;Basu, 1989;Ganatra and Hirve, 1994), leading to higher mortality rates (Sen, 1990). On the other hand, poor household's cash constraints are extremely high and the poor have no other choice than juggle with various nancial instruments (Banerjee and Du o, 2007;Collins et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child gender and parental borrowing: Evidence from India

Agier¹,

Szafarz

2012

Economics Letters

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The unequal treatment of children is not gender neutral from the parent side. Our results show that women try to compensate through debt for the unbalanced situation faced by their daughters compared to their sons. However, the lack of symmetry between mothers' and fathers' financial situations leads to the perpetuation of gender inequality through generations.Keywords: Gender, discrimination, borrowing, debt, children, mother, father AbstractThe unequal treatment of children is not gender neutral from the parent side. Our results show that women try to compensate through debt for the unbalanced situation faced by their daughters compared to their sons. However, the lack of symmetry between mothers' and fathers' nancial situations leads to the perpetuation of gender inequality through generations.

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Sex Bias in the Family Allocation of Food and Health Care in Rural Bangladesh

Cited by 598 publications

References 1 publication

The hidden penalties of gender inequality: fetal origins of ill-health

The hidden penalties of gender inequality: fetal origins of ill-health

Sex, gender, and vulnerability

Child gender and parental borrowing: Evidence from India

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