Child gender and parental borrowing: Evidence from India

Agier, Isabelle; Szafarz, Ariane

doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2011.12.082

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…In a neighbouring area,Agier et al (2012) found that the debt amount of mothers (sampled among SHG members) was positively correlated to their number of daughters while those of fathers was correlated to their number of sons. We tested for it but found no significant effect of the gender of children.…”

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confidence: 95%

The gender of debt and credit: Insights from rural Tamil Nadu

Reboul

Nordman

2021

World Development

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Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

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confidence: 95%

The gender of debt and credit: Insights from rural Tamil Nadu

Reboul

Nordman

2021

World Development

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Microfinance and Gender: Is There a Glass Ceiling on Loan Size?

Agier¹,

Szafarz²

2013

World Development

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188

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Microfinance institutions serve a majority of female borrowers. But do men and women benefit from same credit conditions? This paper investigates this issue by presenting an original model and testing its predictions on an exceptional database including 34,000 loan applications from a Brazilian microfinance institution over an eleven-year period. The model considers a lender that offers standardized loan contracts with a fixed interest rate, which is common practice in microfinance. It demonstrates that biased loan attribution may lead to three different outcomes, depending on the bias intensity: 1) denial of all applications from a given group, 2) a "glass ceiling" effect, namely loan downsizing of the largest projects from a given group, or 3) no impact. The empirical analysis detects no gender bias in approval rate, but uncovers a glass ceiling effect hurting female applicants. Moreover, this effect is insensitive to the credit officer's gender. In conclusion, the good news is that the microfinance practice does ensure a fair access to credit. The bad news is the presence of a glass ceiling faced by female entrepreneurs with larger projects. AbstractMicronance institutions serve a majority of female borrowers. But do men and women benet from same credit conditions ? This paper investigates this issue by presenting an original model and testing its predictions on an exceptional database including 34,000 loan applications from a Brazilian micronance institution over an eleven-year period. The model considers a lender that oers standardized loan contracts with a xed interest rate, which is common practice in micronance. It demonstrates that biased loan attribution may lead to three dierent outcomes, depending on the bias intensity: 1) denial of all applications from a given group, 2) a glass ceiling eect, namely loan downsizing of the largest projects from a given group, or 3) no impact. The empirical analysis detects no gender bias in approval rate, but uncovers a glass ceiling eect hurting female applicants. Moreover, this eect is insensitive to the credit ocer's gender. In conclusion, the good news is that the micronance practice does ensure a fair access to credit. The bad news is the presence of a glass ceiling faced by female entrepreneurs with larger projects.

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Over-Indebtedness in Microfinance – An Empirical Analysis of Related Factors on the Borrower Level

2014

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This paper analyses the over-indebtedness of microborrowers in Ghana. It defines over-indebtedness from a customer protection perspective and considers borrowers over-indebted if they continuously struggle with repayment and experience unacceptable sacrifices related to their debt. It finds that poorer microborrowers are more likely to be over-indebted. The risk of overindebtedness further increases with the occurrence of adverse economic shocks to a borrower's income or expenses. The likelihood of over-indebtedness is higher for borrowers with low returns on their investment and if borrowers use loans, at least in part, for non-productive purposes. It is higher for borrowers with a low, debt-specific financial literacy. General financial literacy has negative effects on over-indebtedness. We find no effect for mere numeracy. The paper also breaks down the relationship of the above factors to the specific sacrifices that borrowers make, to how frequently they repeat them and to how acceptable sacrifices are to borrowers.

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Child gender and parental borrowing: Evidence from India

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

The gender of debt and credit: Insights from rural Tamil Nadu

The gender of debt and credit: Insights from rural Tamil Nadu

Microfinance and Gender: Is There a Glass Ceiling on Loan Size?

Over-Indebtedness in Microfinance – An Empirical Analysis of Related Factors on the Borrower Level

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