Sex-based differences in the behavioral and neuronal responses to food

Cornier, Marc‐Andre; Salzberg, Andrea K.; Endly, Dawnielle C.; Bessesen, Daniel H.; Tregellas, Jason R.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.01.008

Cited by 169 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly though, in men the extent of deactivation in visual attention regions was greater, suggesting that they are less responsive to food cues. This is in line with others showing sex differences in visual-attention brain regions [50,62]. The greater activity in the visual cortices may be an important component in the cognitive process of the control of energy intake and of related behavior in women.…”

Section: Exercise and Neuronal Responsessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Several studies have evaluated neuronal responses to visual food cues at rest, showing changes in brain regions essential to the regulation of energy intake [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. Killgore et al [51] observed significant activity in numerous food reward, inhibitory control, and visual brain regions (e.g., insula, amygdala, medial frontal gyrus, precuneus, etc.)…”

Section: Exercise and Neuronal Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise and Weight Loss: What Is the Evidence of Sex Differences?

Hagobian

Evero

2012

Curr Obes Rep

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Regular physical activity, in the form of structured daily exercise, plays a large role in obesity management. Previous studies suggest that when sedentary men and women start an exercise training program, men lose more body weight than women. This has led researchers to reason that women are better at defending weight than men in response to exercise. In this article, we review exercise studies examining weight loss in men and women, and highlight hormonal, neuronal, and ad libitum energy intake responses to physical activity that is consistent with or in disagreement with sex differences in weight loss. The developing story may impact our view on the use of physical activity to influence body weight and whether a true sex difference is evident.

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Section: Exercise and Neuronal Responsessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Exercise and Neuronal Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and Weight Loss: What Is the Evidence of Sex Differences?

Hagobian

Evero

2012

Curr Obes Rep

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“…34 All these functions can be assigned to areas in the LPFC reaching from the rostral to the caudal to the pre-motor compartments. Evidence supporting the assumption that the DLPFC also has a crucial role in the cognitive control of eating behavior comes from a recent study by Cornier et al 35 Using fMRI, they found increased hemodynamic responses in the DLPFC of women to visually presented food after a eucaloric diet, suggesting increased automatic alertness and inhibitory effects owing to dieting. The correlations observed in our subjects suggest that individuals with high cognitive control over eating behavior (that is, high CRE values) show enhanced hemodynamic responses in the control-related prefrontal areas not only during the regulation of desire for food but, interestingly, also when admitting to it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Neural correlates of the volitional regulation of the desire for food

et al. 2011

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Objective: In this study, we investigate the brain mechanisms of the conscious regulation of the desire for food using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Further, we examine associations between hemodynamic responses and participants' cognitive restraint of eating (CRE), as well as their susceptibility to uncontrolled eating. Subjects: Seventeen non-vegetarian, right-handed, female Caucasian participants (age: 20-30 years, mean 25.3 years±3.1 s.d.; BMI: 20.2-31.2 kg m À2 , mean 25.1 ± 3.5 s.d.). Measurements: During scanning, our participants viewed pictures of food items they had pre-rated according to tastiness and healthiness. Participants were either allowed to admit to the desire for the food (ADMIT) or they were instructed to downregulate their desire using a cognitive reappraisal strategy, that is, thinking of negative long-term health-related and social consequences (REGULATE).Results: Comparing the hemodynamic responses of the REGULATE with the ADMIT condition, we observed robust activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the pre-supplementary motor area, the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the dorsal striatum (DS), the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the anterior insula and the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). Activation in the DLPFC and the DS strongly correlated with the degree of dietary restraint under both conditions. Conclusion: Cortical activation in the DLPFC, the pre-supplementary motor area and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) are known to underpin top-down control, inhibition of learned associations and pre-potent responses. The observed hemodynamic responses in the lateral OFC, the DS, the anterior insula and the TPJ support the notion of reward valuation and integration, interoceptive awareness, and self-reflection as key processes during active regulation of desire for food. In conclusion, an active reappraisal of unhealthy food recruits the brain's valuation system in combination with prefrontal cognitive control areas associated with response inhibition. The correlations between brain responses and CRE suggest that individuals with increased cognitive restraint show an automatic predisposition to regulate the hedonic aspects of food stimuli. This cognitive control might be necessary to counterbalance a lack of homeostatic mechanisms.

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Section: Energy Density Food Preference Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Men and women often have different social perceptions regarding the sensory properties of food, because women pay more attention to nutrition content than men (11) . Despite numerous studies focusing on gender-related differences in behavioural and neuronal responses to food (12)(13)(14) , little research has been published that compares specific sensory properties between genders with diet models of different ED.Given the close association of sensory properties and dietary ED (15) , and in light of previously studied relationships of age-related variations of fullness and satisfaction with particular energy-dense diet models (16) , in the current epidemiological study our aim was to examine gender-related † These authors contributed equally to this work. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fat diet-related stimulation of sweetness desire is greater in women than in men despite high vegetable intake

Zhou

Yamanaka-Okumura

Adachi

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To examine the effects of lunches with different dietary energy densities on food preferences between genders. Design: Randomized crossover study. Participants were administered the following packed test meals once weekly on a specified day during six sessions: control (150 g of rice with a sautéed beef entrée containing 40 g of raw beef and 240 g of vegetables), high-meat/low-rice, low-vegetable, medium-fat/low-vegetable, high-fat and high-fat/low-vegetable meals. Subjective levels of sensory properties were assessed over time using visual analogue scales. Setting: University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan. Subjects: Sixty-five men and sixty-five women matched by age and BMI. Results: Men showed significantly stronger desires for salty and fatty foods after meals (P < 0·05). Women showed a significantly stronger desire for sweetness from 2 h after the low-vegetable meal, and increasing fat content under highvegetable conditions caused a significant stimulated sweetness desire in women more than in men (P < 0·05). Moreover, after a high-meat/low-rice meal with 100 g of rice, sweetness desire was stronger in women (P = 0·024), whereas no significant differences in sweetness desire were shown between genders after another low-energy-density control meal with 150 g of rice.Conclusions: Men had significantly stronger desires for salty and fatty foods, whereas women preferred sweet food after meals. The sweetness desire in women was stimulated by increasing fat content, even with a high vegetable intake. Low rice intake in a low-energy-density diet also caused a relative stimulation of sweetness desire in women. Keywords Energy density Food preference Gender differencesSweetness desireNutritional strategies that can prevent weight gain are considered to be a result of controlling appetite and energy intake during normal daily life (1) . Controlled studies show that energy intake is closely associated with the energy density (ED) of the diet, which enables individuals to consume a satisfying amount of food when it is lower in ED (2-4) . Thus, reducing the ED of the total diet may be a nutritionally sound strategy for the management of body weight (5) . Many factors affecting the sensory properties of food may contribute to the effects of ED on energy intake and eating behaviour as foods are consumed (6) . Because observational studies have indicated a relationship between food consumption and intensity of food taste (7) , attention needs to be paid to the perceptions of food-related pleasantness as well as fullness and satisfaction after food intake. The brain controls eating behaviour and it responds differentially to food depending on factors such as body mass (8) , mood (9) and age (10) . Another potential factor that cannot be neglected regarding its effects on eating behaviour is the gender difference. Men and women often have different social perceptions regarding the sensory properties of food, because women pay more attention to nutrition content than men (11) . Despite numer...

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Sex-based differences in the behavioral and neuronal responses to food

Cited by 169 publications

References 52 publications

Exercise and Weight Loss: What Is the Evidence of Sex Differences?

Exercise and Weight Loss: What Is the Evidence of Sex Differences?

Neural correlates of the volitional regulation of the desire for food

High-fat diet-related stimulation of sweetness desire is greater in women than in men despite high vegetable intake

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