Exercise and Weight Loss: What Is the Evidence of Sex Differences?

Hagobian, Todd; Evero, Nero

doi:10.1007/s13679-012-0035-6

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Women have been reported to experience less weight loss than men [16]. Although this finding is consistent with “diet plus exercise” literature [22], it is worth considering that differences in hormones between men and women, including endogenous sex hormones, leptin, and ghrelin, could be in part related to bariatric surgery resistance due to their link to metabolic disease. A systematic review reported that high levels of testosterone is associated with a higher risk of T2D in women, independent of BMI and central adiposity, but lower risk in men [23].…”

Section: Bariatric Surgery Resistancesupporting

confidence: 76%

Bariatric Surgery Resistance: Using Preoperative Lifestyle Medicine and/or Pharmacology for Metabolic Responsiveness

et al. 2017

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Bariatric surgery is an effective and durable treatment for individuals with obesity and its associated comorbidities. However, not all patients meet weight loss and/or cardiometabolic goals following bariatric surgery, suggesting that some people are “bariatric surgery resistant”. The reason for this resistance is unclear, but potential factors, such as adiposity-derived inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and aerobic fitness prior to surgery have been related to blunted surgery responsiveness. Exercise, diet, and/or pharmacology are effective at reducing inflammation and improving insulin action as well as physical function. Herein, we present data that supports the novel hypothesis that intervening prior to surgery can enhance disease resolution in people who are resistant to bariatric surgery.

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Section: Bariatric Surgery Resistancesupporting

confidence: 76%

Bariatric Surgery Resistance: Using Preoperative Lifestyle Medicine and/or Pharmacology for Metabolic Responsiveness

et al. 2017

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“…While it has been suggested that women may be less responsive to the effects of physical activity on weight,[ 43 , 44 ] recent experimental studies in young adults, which have either measured or controlled for energy expenditure, have found no sex differences in weight loss response to exercise. [ 45 , 46 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Intensity Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Relation to Body Mass Index and Grip Strength in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study

et al. 2015

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BackgroundIdentifying modifiable determinants of fat mass and muscle strength in older adults is important given their impact on physical functioning and health. Light intensity physical activity and sedentary behavior are potential determinants, but their relations to these outcomes are poorly understood. We evaluated associations of light intensity physical activity and sedentary time—assessed both objectively and by self-report—with body mass index (BMI) and grip strength in a large sample of older adults.MethodsWe used cross-sectional baseline data from 1130 participants of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study, a community-dwelling sample of relatively sedentary older adults (70-89 years) at heightened risk of mobility disability. Time spent sedentary and in light intensity activity were assessed using an accelerometer worn for 3–7 days (Actigraph GT3X) and by self-report. Associations between these exposures and measured BMI and grip strength were evaluated using linear regression.ResultsGreater time spent in light intensity activity and lower sedentary times were both associated with lower BMI. This was evident using objective measures of lower-light intensity, and both objective and self-reported measures of higher-light intensity activity. Time spent watching television was positively associated with BMI, while reading and computer use were not. Greater time spent in higher but not lower intensities of light activity (assessed objectively) was associated with greater grip strength in men but not women, while neither objectively assessed nor self-reported sedentary time was associated with grip strength.ConclusionsIn this cross-sectional study, greater time spent in light intensity activity and lower sedentary times were associated with lower BMI. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that replacing sedentary activities with light intensity activities could lead to lower BMI levels and obesity prevalence among the population of older adults. However, longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to strengthen causal inferences.

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“…Indeed, our results suggest that eating behaviours appear to be more important. Another explanation may be the different physiological responses of men and women to exercise, with exercise inducing a greater weight loss in men . In women, exercise training stimulates an increased production of the appetite hormone ghrelin and reduces insulin and leptin compared with men .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 In women, exercise training stimulates an increased production of the appetite hormone ghrelin and reduces insulin and leptin compared with men. 25 These hormonal responses promote an increased energy intake and may explain the smaller weight loss in women undertaking exercise training. These studies suggest that gender-specific weight loss programmes or approaches may be necessary to enhance weight loss success.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of weight loss success utilizing a meal replacement plan and/or exercise, in overweight and obese adults with asthma

et al. 2014

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This study demonstrates that individuals with more severe asthma at baseline are more successful in achieving weight loss, which could be a consequence of greater motivation and could be used as a motivational tool within the clinical setting. Gender tailoring of weight loss programmes may be useful to enhance weight loss success. Future studies are urgently needed to establish predictors of long-term weight loss maintenance in those with asthma.

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Exercise and Weight Loss: What Is the Evidence of Sex Differences?

Cited by 12 publications

References 77 publications

Bariatric Surgery Resistance: Using Preoperative Lifestyle Medicine and/or Pharmacology for Metabolic Responsiveness

Bariatric Surgery Resistance: Using Preoperative Lifestyle Medicine and/or Pharmacology for Metabolic Responsiveness

Light Intensity Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Relation to Body Mass Index and Grip Strength in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study

Determinants of weight loss success utilizing a meal replacement plan and/or exercise, in overweight and obese adults with asthma

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