Sex assessment using measurements of the first lumbar vertebra

Zheng, Wen Xu; Cheng, Fu Bo; Cheng, Kai Liang; Tian, Yong; Y, Li; Zhang, Wen Song; Zheng, Ya Juan; Li, You Qiong

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.11.022

Cited by 36 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These results were nearly the same as those of Zheng et al (2012); they also concluded that nearly all measurements were significant larger in males and the most accurate measurement was EPWu, similar to the current study, with sex correction rate of 88.6%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…They took their measurements from 3D images which was different from this study (2D images were used) but this difference not assumed to make this difference in results as 3D images were used by Zheng et al (2012) and showed high accuracy, so further studies on larger Egyptian samples are needed and should compare using 2D and 3D images. Moreover, Badr El Dine & El Shafei (2015) reached that EPDu is the most accurate measurement which is different from the current study, may be due to larger number of used measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The 15 measurements included; measurements of the body of the vertebrae as (Upper border (end plate) depth (EPDu), Upper border (end plate) width (EPWu), lower border (end plate) depth (EPDl), Height of anterior border of the body of the vertebra (XHA), lower border (end plate) width (EPWl), Height of the posterior border of the body of the vertebra (XHP)); dimensions of vertebral foramen (lenghth (LVF) and width (WVF)); pedicle dimensions (width (PW) and height (PH)); measurements of spinous process (length (SPL) and height (SPH)); transverse process dimensions (diameter (TD) and distance (TDm)) and Vertebral length (VL)). These measurements were adopted from measurements taken by (Zheng et al, 2012) and (Badr El Dine and El Shafei, 2015); with only one difference as they took their measurements from 3 dimensional (3D) images of CT which wasn't available for us.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hou et al (2012) and Yu et al (2008) proved that the last thoracic vertebra (T12) showed significant sexual difference (Badr El Dine and El Shafei, 2015); they have reached accuracy rates of 90% and 94.2% respectively for sex determination from T12 measurements (linear measurements of vertebral body and processes) (Ramadan et al, 2017). Moreover, different vertebral measurements taken from the first lumbar vertebra (L1) had great role in sex identification at high accuracy rates according to (Zheng et al, 2012); they proved that accuracy rates of five measurements, related to the vertebral body, were more than 80%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identification of human bony remains and any other human parts is of great importance not only for legal but also for humanitarian reasons (Zheng et al, 2012), for example in mass disasters or in case of missed persons; when it's necessary to identify and know the dead, especially for the information of his surviving relatives (Saukko and Knight, 2016). Skeletal remains examined in archeological or forensic scenes may be destroyed due to burial conditions or any other conditions, as disarticulation, scattering, and commingling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of sex and age for Egyptians using computed tomography of the first lumbar vertebra

Ramadan

El-Salam

Hanon

et al. 2017

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background: Identification of bony remains and other decomposed parts of human is of great importance not only for legal but also for humanitarian reasons. However, in certain instances due to burial factors or in cases of explosion disasters, many of large bones may be destroyed or incomplete. For age and sex identification, vertebrae aren't well studied; however, many vertebrae showed high accuracy rates for sex identification. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-three Egyptian patients were included in the current study; 62 were females and 61 were males (age from 10 to 64 years). Abdominal Computer tomography (CT) scans were done for those patients in the Department of Radiology in kasralainy faculty of medicine, Cairo University after they gave informed consent. Fifteen linear measurements were taken for the first lumbar vertebra (L1) to assess age and sex. Results: Male patients showed larger mean values most of measurements of the first lumbar vertebra than females and sex was determined at accuracy rate of 84.6%. Moreover, significant correlation was found for age and majority of measurements; but unfortunately it was weak correlation. Conclusion: Sex can be estimated from first lumbar vertebrae with reasonable levels of accuracy in legal and humanitarian situations when skeletal remains are incomplete. However, it seems that vertebral measurements of lumbar vertebra aren't useful indicator for age estimation with further studies needed on larger samples and on different age groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%