3D analysis of computed tomography (CT)–derived lumbar spine models for the estimation of sex

Virtual Morphometry of the First Lumbar Vertebrae for Estimation of Sex Using Computed Tomography Data in the Turkish Population

“…In the study by Zheng et al the EPWu measurement alone had the highest accuracy and EPWu, EPDm (middle end-plate depth), EPWI, EPDI (lower end-plate depth), EPDu (upper end-plate depth) measurements were found to have an accuracy rate exceeding 80% [ 11 ]. In the study of Decker et al it is stated that only EPWu measurement has an accuracy rate of more than 80% [ 14 ]. In our study, the metric measurements made on the vertebral body of the L1 vertebra were the most dimorphic measurements, and the results were compatible with previous studies in the literature.…”

“…Today, many parts of the adult skeleton are used for sex estimation [3]. Studies on the vertebral column have also shown that the vertebrae demonstrate sexual dimorphic features [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…Ostrofsky and Churchill also stated that among the lumbar vertebrae, the L1 was the most sex diagnostic vertebra with an accuracy rate of 87.1% for sex estimation [ 12 ]. Decker et al reported that each of the lumbar vertebrae demonstrated sexual dimorphism exceeding 80% using discriminant function analysis [ 14 ]. Azofra-Monge and Alemán Aguilera in their study evaluating the lumbar vertebrae stated that the lumbar vertebrae showed more sexual dimorphism in their study compared to previous studies, and the highest accuracy rates in the regression equations were obtained from the L1 vertebra (90.1-94.5%) [ 15 ].…”

“…Azofra-Monge and Alemán Aguilera in their study evaluating the lumbar vertebrae stated that the lumbar vertebrae showed more sexual dimorphism in their study compared to previous studies, and the highest accuracy rates in the regression equations were obtained from the L1 vertebra (90.1-94.5%) [ 15 ]. Studies show that sex estimation can be made using lumbar vertebrae with high accuracy rates [ 11 - 12 , 14 - 15 ]. It has also been shown in studies that, of the five lumbar vertebrae, especially the first lumbar vertebra is more sexually dimorphic than the other lumbar vertebrae [ 12 , 14 ].…”

“…Studies show that sex estimation can be made using lumbar vertebrae with high accuracy rates [ 11 - 12 , 14 - 15 ]. It has also been shown in studies that, of the five lumbar vertebrae, especially the first lumbar vertebra is more sexually dimorphic than the other lumbar vertebrae [ 12 , 14 ].…”