Sex and side differences of cerebral arterial caliber

Müller, Hans Robert; Brunhölzl, Chr; Radü, E. W.; Buser, Marc

doi:10.1007/bf00588220

Cited by 80 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We observed higher mean MCA velocity in women (due to both higher systolic and higher ) indicates a significant interaction effect between posture and age (i.e., there was a smaller increase of heart rate during standing compared with sitting in the older groups, whereas there was a larger increase of heart rate during standing compared with sitting in the younger groups). diastolic MCA velocity) compared with men, which has been well documented (9,43,64,67). It has also previously been shown that premenopausal women have greater resting brain blood flow compared with age-matched men (despite a smaller brain mass) (19,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…This difference could be due to the younger age of our "older" participants. Muller et al (43) found that, in both men and women, there were no changes in the diameter of the MCA with age. Therefore, if the artery diameter does not change with age, it can be assumed that the changes in the MCA velocity truly reflect changes in brain blood flow with aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Hemodynamics and brain blood flow during posture change in younger women and postmenopausal women compared with age-matched men

Edgell

Robertson

Hughson

2012

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Edgell H, Robertson AD, Hughson RL. Hemodynamics and brain blood flow during posture change in younger women and postmenopausal women compared with age-matched men. J Appl Physiol 112: 1482-1493, 2012. First published February 23, 2012 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01204.2011.-Increased incidence of orthostatic hypotension and presyncopal symptoms in young women could be related to hormonal factors that might be isolated by comparing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to postural change in young and older men and women. Seven young women, 11 young men, 10 older women (Ͼ1 yr postmenopausal, no hormone therapy), and 9 older men participated in a supine-to-sit-to-stand test while measuring systemic hemodynamics, end-tidal PCO2, and blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Women had a greater reduction in stroke volume index compared with age-matched men (change from supine to standing: young women: Ϫ22.9 Ϯ 1.6 ml/m 2 ; young men: Ϫ14.4 Ϯ 2.4 ml/m 2 ; older women: Ϫ17.4 Ϯ 3.3 ml/m 2 ; older men: Ϫ13.8 Ϯ 2.2 ml/m 2 ). This was accompanied by offsetting changes in heart rate, particularly in young women, resulting in no age or sex differences in cardiac output index. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher in older subjects and increased with movement to upright postures. Younger men and women had higher forearm vascular resistance that increased progressively in the upright posture compared with older men and women. There was no difference between sexes or ages in total peripheral resistance index. Women had higher MCA velocity, but both sexes had reduced MCA velocity while upright, which was a function of reduced blood pressure at the MCA and a significant reduction in end-tidal PCO2. The reductions in stroke volume index suggested impaired venous return in women, but augmented responses of heart rate and forearm vascular resistance protected MAP in younger women. Overall, these results showed significant sex and age-related differences, but compensatory mechanisms preserved MAP and MCA velocity in young women. cerebrovascular; sex; age; orthostatic ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION (a condition that sometimes leads to fainting) is an important and sometimes dangerous condition that particularly affects young women during daily life, as reflected by admission to emergency rooms (51). It has been speculated that female sex hormones might modulate reflex neural or vascular properties, resulting in the greater incidence of orthostatic hypotension in young women (5,14,15,52,69). An additional indication of impaired orthostatic responses in women includes the observation that women have a greater propensity towards postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (18, 60).Contrary to observations for young women, clinical evidence supports the concept that orthostatic hypotension occurs less frequently in women ages 40 -60 yr (many of whom could be postmenopausal) (51). Investigations of men and women from 23-77 yr of age indicated that the heart rate response to tilt was reduced with aging, but vascular responses a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hemodynamics and brain blood flow during posture change in younger women and postmenopausal women compared with age-matched men

Edgell

Robertson

Hughson

2012

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Smaller vessel diameter would lead to increased flow velocity in female subjects, assuming no difference in CBF. Muller et al 23 reported that MCA vessel diameter was 9.3% larger in male subjects. In contrast, Orlandini et al 24 reported no significant sex differences in cerebral vessels.…”

Section: Deegan Et Al Sex Differences In Cerebral Autoregulationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Elderly Women Regulate Brain Blood Flow Better Than Men Do

Deegan

Sorond

Galica

et al. 2011

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Orthostatic intolerance and falls differ between sexes and change with age. However, it remains unclear what role cerebral autoregulation may play in this response. This study was designed to determine whether cerebral autoregulation, assessed using transcranial Doppler ultrasound, is more effective in elderly females than in males. Methods-We used transcranial Doppler ultrasound to evaluate cerebral autoregulation in 544 (236 male) subjects older than age 70 years recruited as part of the MOBILIZE Boston study. The MOBILIZE Boston study is a prospective cohort study of a unique set of risk factors for falls in seniors in the Boston area. We assessed CO 2 reactivity and transfer function gain, phase, and coherence during 5 minutes of quiet sitting and autoregulatory index during sit-to-stand tests. Pϭ0.002) in the autoregulatory band, implying less effective cerebral autoregulation. However, reduced autoregulation in males was not below the normal range, indicating autoregulation was intact but less effective. Conclusions-Female subjects were better able to maintain cerebral flow velocities during postural changes and demonstrated better cerebral autoregulation. The mechanisms of sex-based differences in autoregulation remain unclear but may partially explain the higher rates of orthostatic hypotension-related hospitalizations in elderly men. (Stroke.

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“…Angiographic normative data about the diameters of cerebral arteries in adults is reported in detail in the literature (19,24,28,32,34) with endovascular instruments such as stents being manufactured based on these measurements. On the other hand, normative values and growth trends of these vessels are largely unknown in the pediatric age group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiographic morphometry of internal carotid circulation in turkish children

Arat¹,

Arat²,

Aydın³

2015

Turkish Neurosurgery

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AIm: Knowledge of cerebrovascular morphology is integral in planning neuroendovascular interventions, especially for procedures involving placement of stents, flow diverters or stentrievers. There is insufficient data on angiographic normative values of cerebral circulation in the pediatric age group since angiograms are uncommonly performed in children except for arteriovenous malformations in which arterial dimensions are larger than normal. We aimed to measure the diameters of internal carotid circulation (ICC) arteries on digital subtraction angiograms of pediatric patients and determine the growth trends. mATeRIAL and meTHods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study measurements of ICC arteries of 64 pediatric patients (4 -122 months) with retinoblastoma undergoing intra-arterial chemotherapy.ResuLTs: Petrous, cavernous, supraclinoid and choroidal segments of internal carotid artery (ICA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) diameters had significant correlation with age. Most of the growth was noted in the first 36-48 months of life. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) diameter did not show significant correlation with age. 87% of the adult diameter of the MCA was attained in the first 6 months of life. ICC arteries reached 81% to 99% of adult sizes in the first 48 months of life. On the contrary, the main iliac artery was only 59% of the adult diameter at this age group.CoNCLusIoN: Use of current intracranial stents in children appears tolerable due to the growth pattern of ICC arteries. Based on this data, the current armamentarium of intracranial stents or stent-like devices is sufficient to cover the need in the pediatric population.KeywoRds: Cerebral arteries, Internal carotid artery, Diameter, Endovascular treatment, Stent, Flow diverter, Morphometry ÖZ AmAÇ: Nöroendovasküler girişimlerde, özellikle de stent, akım yönlendirici ve benzeri cihazlar kullanıldığında, serebrovasküler morfolojinin bilinmesi önemlidir. Serebral anjiyografi, arteryel boyutların normalden daha büyük olduğu arteriovenöz malformasyonlar dışında çocuklarda sık olarak yapılmadığından, pediatrik yaş gurubunda serebral dolaşımın anjiyografik normotif değerleri hakkında yeterli bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Çocuk hastalarda internal karotid dolaşımı (İKD) arterlerinin çaplarını ölçüp büyüme eğilimlerini belirlemeyi amaçladık. yÖNTem ve GeReÇLeR: Çalışmamız, retinoblastom için intraarteryel kemoterapi yapılan 64 çocuk hastada (yaş: 4 -122 ay) İKD arterlerinin ölçüldüğü retrospektif kesitsel bir çalışmadır.BuLGuLAR: İnternal karotid arterin petröz, kavernöz, supraklinoid ve koroidal segmentleriyle anterior serebral arter (ASA) çapları yaş ile anlamlı korelasyon göstermekteydi. Damarsal büyümenin 36-48 ayda tamamlanmaya yaklaştığı saptandı. Orta serebral arter (OSA) çapı yaş ile anlamlı korelasyon göstermedi. Bu arterde ilk 6 ayda arteryel çapın %87'sine ulaşıldığı izlendi. İKD arterlerinin 48 ay itibarıyla erişkin boylarının % 81-99'una ulaştığı görüldü. Bunun aksine ana iliak arter bu yaş gurubunda erişkin çapının sadece % 59'uydu. soN...

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Sex and side differences of cerebral arterial caliber

Cited by 80 publications

References 10 publications

Hemodynamics and brain blood flow during posture change in younger women and postmenopausal women compared with age-matched men

Hemodynamics and brain blood flow during posture change in younger women and postmenopausal women compared with age-matched men

Elderly Women Regulate Brain Blood Flow Better Than Men Do

Angiographic morphometry of internal carotid circulation in turkish children

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