Sex and Age Differences in Lipoprotein Metabolism Proatherogenic Changes under the Experimental Metabolic Syndrome in Hamsters

Abstract

The unbalanced high-calorie diet can be the cause of a number of pathological states, including metabolic syndrome MS . It is well known that the risk of MS increases with age, but gender differences in age-related lipid metabolism changes under this pathology are not fully understood.In order to investigate the mechanisms of atherogenic dyslipidemia under the MS, we study the dynamics of some parameters of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in hamsters of different sex and age. In our experiments, we found some age and gender differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in healthy hamsters and hamsters with MS. In general, the obtained results demonstrate dyslipidemia development in males feeding high-calorie diet, irrespective of age. We suppose that hypertriglyceridemia in males under the high-calorie diet developed due to the accumulation of triacylglycerols T"Gs in hepatocytes and as a result very low density lipoprotein VLDL over secretion by liver. However, in females feeding high-calorie diet atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia develops only with aging. It can be assumed that the reason why high-calorie diet in females leads to the pathological changes in VLDL morphology and hypertriglyceridemia development is reducing the hepatocytes sensitivity to insulin. Herewith, insulin resistance in females does not cause lipolysis activation in adipose tissue, which is probably associated with the ability of female

Decoding the Variant-to-Function Relationship forLIPA, a Risk Locus for CAD

“…36,37 The overexpression of Lipa was confirmed in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM, Overall, the myeloid LIPA overexpression did not alter weight gain or plasma cholesterol, consistent with the lack of association between LIPA variants and metabolic traits in human, although the effects of myeloid Lipa Tg on triglyceride metabolism specifically in female mice on a WD require further examination. 38,39 Consistent with our human functional genomic discoveries, the atherosclerotic lesion size was significantly, though modestly, increased by 21.85% in Lipa Tg female mice and 17.78% in Lipa Tg male mice compared to the Ctl (Figure 3A-3B) fed with 16-week WD, supporting the pro-atherogenic role of Lipa Tg . Importantly, the lesion size is positively correlated with LIPA activity in PM (Figure . 3C, P = 0.0143, r =0.04499), supporting the association between increased macrophage LIPA activity and atherogenesis.…”

“…Overall, the myeloid LIPA overexpression did not alter weight gain or plasma cholesterol, consistent with the lack of association between LIPA variants and metabolic traits in human, although the effects of myeloid Lipa Tg on triglyceride metabolism specifically in female mice on a WD require further examination. 38, 39…”

Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata) Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Reduces Plasma and Hepatic Lipids in Hamsters Fed a High Fat and Cholesterol Diet

“…In the present study, only males were used, since the response to high fat diet is more pronounced in males than in females, with higher plasma total cholesterol and TG ( Morise et al, 2006 ). In another study, hamsters of different sex and age were fed a high-calorie diet, dyslipidemia developed in males, irrespective of age, whereas in females only developed with aging ( Zagayko et al, 2015 ). Nonetheless, it remains to be established whether the extract of L. tridentata has the same effects in females as in males.…”