Severity of Alzheimer's disease and effect on premorbid measures of intelligence

McFarlane, Jean; Welch, John L.; Rodgers, Jacqui

doi:10.1348/014466505x71245

Cited by 41 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Additionally, our findings are similar to those for other premorbid IQ measures in indicating that impact of dementia may be mitigated by less severe cognitive impairment [5] albeit within the limited range afforded by our mild dementia sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dementia Screening Accuracy is Robust to Premorbid IQ Variation: Evidence from the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III and the Test of Premorbid Function

Stott

Scior

Mandy

et al. 2017

JAD

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show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Reading of irregular English words meets the first criterion [3] and despite some controversy over whether it meets the second [4,5] it is the most established methodology for premorbid IQ measurement [2]. There are a number of English irregular word reading tests, of which the Test of Premorbid Function (TOPF) [6] is the most recent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dementia Screening Accuracy is Robust to Premorbid IQ Variation: Evidence from the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III and the Test of Premorbid Function

Stott

Scior

Mandy

et al. 2017

JAD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The WAIS Information subtest, which assesses general knowledge, has been similarly criticized for underestimating premorbid IQ in patients with poor educational opportunities (Spreen & Strauss, 1998). While the NART reading test for irregularly spelled words provides a better estimate than a reading test or the WAIS Vocabulary subtest, it has also been criticized for underestimating IQ in patients with even mild dementia and TBI (McFarlane et al, 2006;Morris et al, 2005;Stebbins et al, 1990b;Taylor et al, 1999;but see McGurn et al, 2004). NART has also been criticized for overestimating premorbid IQ at the low end of the IQ range and underestimating at the high end (Wiens et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment of Cognitive Scores with a Co-Normed Estimate of Premorbid Intelligence: Implementation Using Mindstreams Computerized Testing

Doniger¹,

Simon

Schweiger

2008

Applied Neuropsychology

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Neuropsychological assessment is critically dependent upon comparison to a standard normative database. While generally appropriate for individuals of near-average intelligence, high-intelligence individuals may be erroneously scored as unimpaired and low-intelligence individuals as impaired on cognitive measures. The current paper describes an approach for minimizing such misclassifications that is standardized and practical for clinical use. A computerized test of nonverbal reasoning co-normed with cognitive measures is used for automatic adjustment of normalized cognitive scores. This premorbid estimate showed good construct validity, and adjustment raised cognitive scores for low-intelligence individuals, and lowered cognitive scores for high-intelligence individuals similarly across demographic (age, education, computer experience) and clinical (cognitively healthy, mild cognitive impairment, dementia) subgroups. Adjustment was typically up to three normalized units for scores on the premorbid estimate of +/-1 SD and 6 normalized units for scores of +/-2 SD. The present approach shows promise as a practical solution for assessment of high- and low-intelligence individuals.

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“…The WTAR does not rely on comprehension or knowledge of word meaning, but rather relies on previous learning. An advantage of the reading-recognition paradigm is that it is relatively unaffected by mild damage to the structure or function of the brain [33][34][35] , although it might underestimate premorbid intellectual abilities with more serious forms of neurological injury or disease [36][37][38] . The WTAR was conormalized with the WAIS-III [17] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing Misdiagnosis: Psychometric Criteria for Possible or Probable Memory Impairment

Brooks¹,

Iverson

Feldman

et al. 2009

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: Memory impairment can be easily misdiagnosed in older adults because obtaining some low scores is common. The objective of the present study is to present new psychometric criteria for determining ‘possible’ and ‘probable’ memory impairment. Methods: We propose criteria based on an analysis of performance from 450 healthy older adults (55–87 years old) on 3 measures from the WMS-III: Logical Memory, Word List, and Visual Reproduction. These measures yield 8 age-adjusted scores for learning, recall, and recognition. The proposed criteria for memory impairment are based on the prevalence of low scores when simultaneously examining all 8 scores and are stratified by current intelligence, estimated premorbid intelligence, and education. The criteria are subsequently validated on 100 healthy older adults and 34 patients with ‘possible’ or ‘probable’ Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Results: Tables with cutoffs and false-positive rates are presented for clinical use. In the validation cohort there were no misclassifications in AD patients. Conclusion: This study presents steps in the development of proposed psychometric criteria that, in conjunction with clinical judgment, could minimize the misdiagnosis of memory impairment. It is important to reduce misdiagnosis in order to (a) optimize patient care, (b) provide an accurate foundation for identifying biological and neurological markers, and (c) successfully develop disease-modifying treatments. Further validation in a sample of older adults with lesser degrees of cognitive impairment is needed.

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Severity of Alzheimer's disease and effect on premorbid measures of intelligence

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Dementia Screening Accuracy is Robust to Premorbid IQ Variation: Evidence from the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III and the Test of Premorbid Function

Dementia Screening Accuracy is Robust to Premorbid IQ Variation: Evidence from the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III and the Test of Premorbid Function

Adjustment of Cognitive Scores with a Co-Normed Estimate of Premorbid Intelligence: Implementation Using Mindstreams Computerized Testing

Minimizing Misdiagnosis: Psychometric Criteria for Possible or Probable Memory Impairment

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