Severe gastrointestinal bleeding after hematopoietic cell transplantation, 1987–1997: incidence, causes, and outcome

Depletion of anti‐Gal antibodies by the intravenous infusion of Gal type 2 and 6 glycoconjugates in baboons

“…Furthermore, gastrointestinal bleeding, from viral or fungal ulcers or from graft‐vs.‐host disease, has been observed in humans after bone marrow transplantation, with an approximate incidence of 2 to 11%[30]. Hemorrhagic injury of the heart and small intestine [30] may also be related to graft‐vs.‐host disease, but we do not consider this as a likely explanation for the pathology seen in the present studies.…”

Overt gastrointestinal bleeding following haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence, outcomes and predictive models

“…Overt GIB was defined as haematemesis, melena or haematochezia [28][29][30]. GIB was recognised as severe (sGIB) if it met one of the following criteria: (1) overt GIB with signs of haemorrhagic shock [23,31], (2) overt GIB resulting in a decrease in haemoglobin of ≥2 g/dL [32,33] or at least a 20% decrease in haematocrit levels [34][35][36][37][38][39], and (3) overt GIB requiring at least two units of packed red blood cells [23,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Patients without any of the features described above constituted the non-severe GIB group [40].…”

“…Endoscopic examination was performed for patients with GIB after they agreed to participate in the study. The anatomical site and cause of GIB were identified by reviewing the endoscopic, histological and microbiological data, and the attribution of bleeding causes was based on a previous report [23]. GVHD was recognised as the single bleeding cause when typical appearance and histology were observed and cultures and immunohistochemistry analyses of viruses and fungi were negative.…”

“…The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most common bleeding sites after HSCT, and bleeding at this site is often more severe than that in other bodily locations except for pulmonary haemorrhage [18,20]. However, most previous studies focused on overall bleeding after HSCT rather than only the gastrointestinal tract, and the analyses of these studies might not fully represent the features of GIB [17][18][19][20][22][23][24][25]. Two other studies did focus on GIB after HSCT; however, one study targeted patients with primary systemic amyloidosis [22], and the other focused on only severe GIB [23]; both studies were relatively incomplete.…”

Hemorrhagic Complications in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancies

“…20 23 In patients with bone marrow transplants, graft-versus-host disease, sepsis, and veno-occlusive disease were additional risk factors. 24 Bleeding at Other Sites The data regarding bleeding at other sites in children with leukemia or lymphoma are sparse. Studies in adults have reported $50% prevalence of retinal lesions, mainly hemorrhages.…”