Severe allergic contact dermatitis caused by octylisothiazolinone in a leather sofa: two new cases

Raison‐Peyron, Nadia; Amsler, E.; Pecquet, C.; Du‐Thanh, Aurélie; Naessens, Tania; Apers, Sandra; Aerts, Olivier

doi:10.1111/cod.12793

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Besides MI and MCI/MI, OIT and BIT are widely used preservatives, the latter two forbidden in cosmetics, but, similar to the former two, potentially present in household detergents, chemical products such as paints, and numerous industrial applications (eg, in the treatment of leather goods). [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Contact allergens may show cross-reactivity (ie, interact with the same T-cell receptor) if both substances are chemically and structurally (three dimensionally) related. 17 Immunologic cross-reactivity between different isothiazolinone derivatives has often been suggested to occur, although its existence in vivo (ie, in humans) is still controversial, as concomitant exposure to these chemicals readily occurs in daily life, and various studies have yielded conflicting results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo demonstration of immunologic cross‐reactivity to octylisothiazolinone in patients primarily and strongly sensitized to methylisothiazolinone

Russo

Aerts

2020

Contact Dermatitis

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Background: Notwithstanding that concomitant exposure to different isothiazolinone derivatives may result in concomitant sensitization, clinical and animal studies have suggested cross-reactivity between these derivatives, notably between methylisothiazolinone (MI) and octylisothiazolinone (OIT). Objective: To investigate if patients sensitized to MI show cross-reactions to OIT and/or to benzisothiazolinone (BIT) by applying the concept of the re-test method. Patients And Methods: From March to October 2019 consecutive patients were patch tested with MI 0.2% aqueous in duplicate at the two lower corners of both shoulder blades. Patients sensitized to MI, but not to OIT 0.1% petrolatum (pet.) nor to BIT 0.1% pet., were re-tested, 2 months later, with the latter two derivatives at the skin sites where the MI reactions had fully disappeared. Results: Of 116 patients, 15 (13%) were sensitized to MI, eight of these not sensitized to BIT nor to OIT. Of these, seven patients, all (very) strongly sensitized to MI, were re-tested: five patients showed positive patch test reactions to OIT 0.1% pet.; one patient to OIT 0.1% pet. and BIT 0.1% pet.; and one other patient showed no reactions. Conclusion: This study suggests that patients primarily and strongly sensitized to MI may show immunologic cross-reactions to OIT, and to a far lesser extent to BIT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo demonstration of immunologic cross‐reactivity to octylisothiazolinone in patients primarily and strongly sensitized to methylisothiazolinone

Russo

Aerts

2020

Contact Dermatitis

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“…More recently, Vandevenne et al described methylisothiazolinone, present in leather care products for sofas, as the responsible allergen in a case of severe ACD mainly located on the posterior sides of the thighs. Moreover, other isothiazolinone derivatives, such as octylisothiazolinone, have also been implicated as responsible allergens in leather goods, that is, sofas, belts, and shoes . The GC‐MS analysis of the belt from case 1 showed the probable presence of octylisothiazolinone, but the patient did not react positively to it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, other isothiazolinone derivatives, such as octylisothiazolinone, have also been implicated as responsible allergens in leather goods, that is, sofas, belts, and shoes. [9][10][11] The GC-MS analysis of the belt from case 1 showed the probable presence of octylisothiazolinone, but the patient did not react positively to it. Testing with leather items sometimes gives positive results, but no sensitizing culprits can be identified, either when testing is performed with the European baseline series or when it is performed with additional series.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preservative 2‐(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole: A potential allergen in leather products

et al. 2019

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Background Allergic contact dermatitis caused by leather is common, and several responsible allergens, such as tanning agents, glues, mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives, and dyes, but also antimicrobials and antifungals, are involved. Material and methods Three female patients were referred to the Departments of Dermatology in a Belgian university hospital following skin reactions caused by leather products (shoes, belt, and car seats). They were patch tested with the European baseline series and samples of suspected leather products, and additionally with 2‐(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), an antifungal agent previously reported to be a contact allergen in footwear. Chromatographic analyses of samples of all the leather materials tested were performed at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology in Malmö, Sweden. Results The patients reacting to the leather samples were shown to be sensitized to TCMTB, the presence of which could be confirmed by chemical analyses of samples obtained from the patients. Conclusion Patch tests with TCMTB should be considered in patients with contact dermatitis caused by leather items.

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“…Freshly tanned leather is often transported over long distances and, if moist, has to be preserved. This is the putative explanation for observing contact allergy to biocides induced by various leather products, e.g., octylisothiazolinone in a series of 6 Belgian patients [ 200 ] or 2 elderly French patients with widespread ACD at the contact sites with their leather sofas, due to OIT sensitisation [ 201 ]. In a 42-year-old Japanese woman, a new pair of black trousers caused ACD of the legs, which was attributable to 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) found in these; contact allergy was diagnosed by a + reaction to DCOIT 0.05% pet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Allergy: A Review of Current Problems from a Clinical Perspective

Uter

Werfel

White

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Contact allergy is common, affecting 27% of the general population in Europe. Original publications, including case reports, published since 2016 (inclusive) were identified with the aim of collating a full review of current problems in the field. To this end, a literature search employing methods of systematic reviewing was performed in the Medline® and Web of Science™ databases on 28 January 2018, using the search terms (“contact sensitization” or “contact allergy”). Of 446 non-duplicate publications identified by above search, 147 were excluded based on scrutiny of title, abstract and key words. Of the remaining 299 examined in full text, 291 were deemed appropriate for inclusion, and main findings were summarised in topic sections. In conclusion, diverse sources of exposures to chemicals of widely-differing types and structures, continue to induce sensitisation in man and may result in allergic contact dermatitis. Many of the chemicals are “evergreen” but others are “newcomers”. Vigilance and proper investigation (patch testing) are required to detect and inform of the presence of these haptens to which our populations remain exposed.

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Severe allergic contact dermatitis caused by octylisothiazolinone in a leather sofa: two new cases

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

In vivo demonstration of immunologic cross‐reactivity to octylisothiazolinone in patients primarily and strongly sensitized to methylisothiazolinone

In vivo demonstration of immunologic cross‐reactivity to octylisothiazolinone in patients primarily and strongly sensitized to methylisothiazolinone

The preservative 2‐(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole: A potential allergen in leather products

Contact Allergy: A Review of Current Problems from a Clinical Perspective

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