Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been described by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the first serious and readily transmissible disease to emerge in the 21st century (WHO 2003a). The epidemic first appeared in southern China in late 2002 and was finally contained in July 2003 after spreading to 29 countries worldwide and infecting over 8,000 people with 774 reported deaths. The last known cases occurred in April 2004 after a laboratory acquired infection in China. The global response to the SARS epidemic, co-ordinated by WHO, led to the rapid identification of the causal agent, the development of diagnostic tests for the virus, the initiation of treatment protocols, estimation of key epidemiological factors affecting spread and the implementation of a range of public health interventions (WHO 2003a; Anderson et al. 2005).The cause of SARS has been conclusively identified as a previously unknown coronavirus (Peiris et al. 2003a; Ksiazek et al. 2003; Drosten et al. 2003). Early reports suggested a wild animal reservoir for the virus and attention focused on the wildlife trade in southern China (Xu et al. 2004). Numerous animal reservoirs of the SARS coronavirus have since been identified (Shi and Hu 2007). Masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) have been most consistently identified as the intermediate host responsible for passing the virus to humans (Guan et al. 2003; Song et al. 2005; Wang et al. 2005), while the definitive hosts may be the horseshoe bat species (genus Rhinolophus) (Wang et al. 2006 ).

Angiopoietin-Like4 Is a Novel Marker of COVID-19 Severity

“…SARI-PREP is a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study enrolling hospitalized patients with SARI from a viral etiology (NCT04786301). SARI-PREP inclusion criteria included age greater than or equal to 18 years, presence of fever, respiratory symptoms, and evidence of lower respiratory involvement (13). All subjects had nasopharyngeal swabs collected for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and a case of COVID-19 was confirmed by a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for SARS-CoV-2.…”

Inhibition of the IFN-α JAK/STAT Pathway by MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1 Proteins in Human Epithelial Cells

“…In 2002, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1) emerged in Guangdong, China and spread across the world. The epidemic lasted 8 months, resulting in 8089 infections and 774 mortalities [3]. Ten years later, in 2012, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in the Middle East and spread across 27 countries, leading to 2567 confirmed cases of infection and 886 deaths; although MERS-CoV appears to have been curtailed, new cases have been reported by the WHO in recent months [4].…”

Naïve Bayes Classifier for Predicting the Novel Coronavirus

“…"Coronaviruses (COV) are a family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS -CoV) [1] and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS -CoV)" [2]. It is considered as a novel virus that has not been detected earlier in human beings.…”