Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Febrile Neonates

Wardell, Hanna; Campbell, Jeffrey I.; VanderPluym, Christina; Dixit, Avika

doi:10.1093/jpids/piaa084

Cited by 38 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the developing brain is uncertain. While pediatric symptoms of COVID-19 are typically milder than in adults, infants have increased risk for infection and severity of adverse complications than older pediatric patients, with as many as 30% of infected newborns requiring intensive care (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Almost one-fifth of all reported COVID-19 pediatric cases are infants (17) and many neonates with infected mothers also test positive for SARS-CoV-2 within the first few days of life (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for Developing Human Cortical Astrocytes

Andrews

Mukhtar

Eze

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) readily infects a variety of cell types impacting the function of vital organ systems, with particularly severe impact on respiratory function. It proves fatal for one percent of those infected. Neurological symptoms, which range in severity, accompany a significant proportion of COVID-19 cases, indicating a potential vulnerability of neural cell types. To assess whether human cortical cells can be directly infected by SARS-CoV-2, we utilized primary human cortical tissue and stem cell-derived cortical organoids. We find significant and predominant infection in cortical astrocytes in both primary and organoid cultures, with minimal infection of other cortical populations. Infected astrocytes had a corresponding increase in reactivity characteristics, growth factor signaling, and cellular stress. Although human cortical cells, including astrocytes, have minimal ACE2 expression, we find high levels of alternative coronavirus receptors in infected astrocytes, including DPP4 and CD147. Inhibition of DPP4 reduced infection and decreased expression of the cell stress marker, ARCN1. We find tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for human astrocytes mediated by DPP4, resulting in reactive gliosis-type injury.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for Developing Human Cortical Astrocytes

Andrews

Mukhtar

Eze

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The age at which they were diagnosed with COVID-19 was as early as the day of birth ( 7 , 11 ) or as late as 27 days of life (DOL 27) ( 36 ). Of the 40 patients, 11 were diagnosed by DOL 3 ( 7 – 15 ), while 10 were diagnosed between DOL 4 and DOL 7 ( 8 , 16 – 23 ), and 19 were diagnosed between DOL 8 and DOL 28 ( 24 – 37 ). Among them, 12 were from the USA ( 21 , 23 , 29 , 31 – 34 , 37 ), 10 were from China ( 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 27 , 28 ), Italy ( 15 , 25 , 30 ) and Spain ( 8 , 24 , 35 ) each had 4 cases, the United Kingdom ( 9 , 18 , 20 ) had 3 cases, while Canada ( 11 ), Peru ( 12 ), Germany ( 10 ), France ( 7 ), Turkey ( 22 ), Iran ( 26 ) and Korea ( 36 ) each reported 1 case.…”

Section: Demographic Characteristics Of Neonatal Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these 40 cases of neonatal COVID-19, except for one case that was clinically diagnosed with chest computed tomography (CT) ( 17 ), 39 were confirmed by positive SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (SARS-CoV-2 RNA). These neonates were exposed to mothers with COVID-19 in utero and/or contacted confirmed or suspected patients with COVID-19 (such as their parents, relatives or caregivers) after birth, even though some of the suspected patients with COVID-19 that surrounded the neonates did not undergo further SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection ( 26 , 37 ).…”

Section: Neonatal Covid-19 Transmission Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, during the COVID-19 illness of one newborn, the child's mother developed a fever ( 37 ). Although she did not undergo further investigation for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and even if she had COVID-19, it is unclear whether the child infected her.…”

Section: Neonatal Covid-19 Transmission Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this purpose, references were searched in PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for neonatal COVID-19 cases that were reported in detail as of July 15, 2020, to facilitate the clinical treatment and epidemic prevention and control of neonatal COVID-19. Ultimately, there were 40 nonoverlapping case reports available ( 7 – 37 ), including 3 in Chinese ( 19 , 27 , 28 ) and 37 in English.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Updates in neonatal coronavirus disease 2019: What can we learn from detailed case reports? (Review)

Sun

2021

Mol Med Rep

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Although the COVID-19 epidemic has lasted for months, it has not yet been successfully controlled, and little is known about neonatal COVID-19. Therefore, literature search was conducted for references in PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for detailed case reports on neonatal COVID-19 published as of July 15, 2020, to facilitate the clinical treatment, epidemic prevention and control of neonatal COVID-19. Forty nonoverlapping case reports focusing mainly on the demographic characteristics, transmission modes, clinical features, treatments and prognosis of neonatal COVID-19, including 3 in Chinese and 37 in English, were available.

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Balancing Risks in the Time of COVID-19

Kimberlin

Puopolo

2021

JAMA Pediatr

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The worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted people's lives and livelihoods on the micro level and entire countries and economies on the macro level. Tens of millions of people have been infected, and hundreds of thousands have died. Sadly, as of early September in the United States, it is getting worse, not better. For all of the disruption, however, the path forward is illumined by science. Science identified and rapidly sequenced the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Science identified its mode of transmission and informed public health measures that, if widely embraced, promise to limit its spread. Science has shown that a new antiviral drug and an old corticosteroid can improve outcomes among severely ill adults. Science holds the promise of developing a vaccine that ultimately may end the pandemic; and yet, in 2017, more than 4 of 5 persons in the United States could not name a living scientist. 1 (Of the 19% who could name one, 2% said Anthony Fauci-a percentage that is sure to be higher now!) The scientific method of making observations, testing hypotheses, generating data, and generating new understanding often becomes foreign to us when we leave our school science classes. It is perhaps not surprising, then, that the rapid pace with which recommendations have been made and subsequently changed in recent months often leaves us all tired, confused, and frustrated. The important work of Dumitriu et al 2 provides a good example of how careful observations can improve our understanding of what was previously unknown and can help inform treatment recommendations. The authors report birth hospital and postdischarge outcomes through 2 to 3 weeks of age among 101 neonates born in New York City, New York, to 100 mothers with COVID-19. All the newborns underwent testing at least once by nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction testing at 0 to 2 days after birth; 2 infants (2.0%; 95% CI, 0.2%-7.0%) had indeterminate test results, which indicated that they were infected but at very low viral copy numbers. Notably, 1 of these 2 infants had roomed-in with the mother without infection prevention efforts, because the mother's illness was not recognized until after delivery. Neither of these neonates developed signs of disease. Taken together with other reports of 1% to 2% of neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive women being infected, 3-5 this large case series suggests a relatively low likelihood of perinatal transmission from infected mother to newborn. To determine the risk of postnatal transmission of virus from an infected mother (or potentially, another household member), infants in the study were evaluated in outpatient clinics in the first 1 to 3 weeks

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Febrile Neonates

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for Developing Human Cortical Astrocytes

Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for Developing Human Cortical Astrocytes

Updates in neonatal coronavirus disease 2019: What can we learn from detailed case reports? (Review)

Balancing Risks in the Time of COVID-19

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