Updates in neonatal coronavirus disease 2019: What can we learn from detailed case reports? (Review)

Li, Xingchao; Sun, Lulu; Li, Tao

doi:10.3892/mmr.2021.11990

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“… 23 At present, the effect of caesarean section on the vertical transmission of COVID-19 is not clear. 24 Cases of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 in newborns born to mothers perinatally infected with SARS-CoV-2 are rare. 25 However, because mothers who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 at the time of delivery are still infectious, newborns are still at risk of contracting the virus from their mothers.…”

Section: Epidemiological Characteristics Of Covid-19 In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 in Children: A Review

Wang¹,

Gan²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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Section: Epidemiological Characteristics Of Covid-19 In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 in Children: A Review

Wang¹,

Gan²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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“…Those with severe complications were a preterm newborn child and a 2-month-old infant (15). A recent review of the literature reported 40 new-borns with no persistent abnormalities (21). Whittaker et al showed that children <1 year-old on admission were 27.5% of the total number of children hospitalized for pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An adequate follow-up of at least 2 weeks was recommended in most instances so that the clinician can define the outcome (15). Short-and long-term outcomes are still unclear in newborns (21). The long-term effect of COVID-19 infection on lung parenchyma and pulmonary function remains unknown in the pediatric age group (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Pulmonary Damage From SARS-CoV-2 in an Infant With Brief Unexplained Resolved Events: A Case Report

et al. 2021

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A brief unexplained resolved event (BRUE) is an event observed in a child under 1 year of age in which the observer witnesses a sudden, brief but resolved episode of change in skin color, lack of breathing, weakness or poor responsiveness. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We report the case of a previously healthy, full-term infant infected with SARS-CoV-2 when he was 8 months old. Previous to this event, both his grandfather and great-uncle had died of severe pneumonia and his mother had developed respiratory symptoms and fever. Over the following month he was seen five times in the emergency room and was hospitalized twice for recurrent BRUE. At the first hospital admission, after the second emergency room visit, he twice tested positive for COVID-19 after nasopharyngeal swab tests. During his second hospital admission, after the fifth emergency room visit, chest computed tomography revealed typical SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. During a follow-up examination 6 months later, mild respiratory distress required administration of inhaled oxygen (0.5 L/min) and chest computed tomography disclosed a slight improvement in pulmonary involvement. The clinical manifestation of pulmonary complications from COVID-19 infection was unusual. This is the first report of an infant at high-risk for BRUE, which was the only manifestation of long-term lung involvement due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

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“…Moreover, vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from maternal blood to the fetus could occur [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ]. Finally, the child could be infected by the mother after birth, during delivery or through breastmilk [ 89 , 90 , 91 ].…”

Section: Factors Supporting the Immunization Of Pregnant Women Against Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during delivery or through breast milk can also be considered very rare [ 89 ]. Ascending infection has never been demonstrated, and vaginal delivery is not more common than caesarean section among children with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 69 ].…”

Section: Factors Supporting the Immunization Of Pregnant Women Against Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Immunization of Pregnant Women against COVID-19 Justified?

Principi

Esposito

2021

Vaccines

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Maternal immunization against some infectious diseases can offer significant advantages for women, preventing maternal morbidity and mortality, or for offspring, preventing fetal disease and conferring passive immunity to neonates. Recently, clinical trials specifically to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of some of the available coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in pregnant and lactating women have been planned, initiated and, in some cases, completed. This paper discusses whether the immunization of pregnant women against COVID-19 is justified and presents knowledge about the immunogenicity and safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines for these subjects. The results of recent studies indicate that pregnant women are at increased risk of developing severe disease compared with nonpregnant women of the same age. Studies carried out with mRNA vaccines indicate that the immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of these preventive measures in pregnant women are not different from those in nonpregnant women of the same age. Moreover, antibodies are efficiently transferred through the placenta and can be detected in breastmilk, suggesting a potential prevention of infection in the child. All these findings authorize the use of mRNA vaccines in pregnant women to protect both the mother and the child. However, further studies with larger sample size and with follow-up of the pregnant women vaccinated during different periods of pregnancy and their children are needed to better characterize the immune response of pregnant women, to define when these vaccines should be administered to obtain the best protection, and to measure vaccine efficacy against virus variants in both mothers and infants. COVID-19 vaccines based on different technological platforms cannot presently be used, and their role in pregnant women should be clarified.

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Updates in neonatal coronavirus disease 2019: What can we learn from detailed case reports? (Review)

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 in Children: A Review

Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 in Children: A Review

Long-Term Pulmonary Damage From SARS-CoV-2 in an Infant With Brief Unexplained Resolved Events: A Case Report

Is the Immunization of Pregnant Women against COVID-19 Justified?

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