Severe Acute Respiratory Infections With Influenza and Noninfluenza Respiratory Viruses: Yemen, 2011-2016

Abstract

In 2010, Yemen started the surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) by establishing 2 sentinel sites in Sana’a and Aden city. This study aims to determine the proportions of influenza and noninfluenza viruses among SARI patients and to determine the severity of SARI and its associated factors. The data of SARI patients who were admitted to SARI surveillance sites at Al Johory hospital in Sana’a and Al Wahdah hospital in Aden city during the period 2011-2016 were analyzed. The proportions of positive influenza viruses (type A, B) and noninfluenza viruses (respiratory syncytial, adenovirus, human parainfluenza, and human metapneumovirus), intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate, and fatality rate among SARI patients were calculated. A total of 1811 of SARI patients were admitted during 2011-2016. Of those, 78% were <15 years old. A total of 89 (5%) patients had influenza viruses and 655 (36%) had noninfluenza viruses. The overall ICU admission rate was 40% and the case-fatality rate was 8%. Infection by influenza type (A, B) and mixed (adenovirus, human parainfluenza) was significantly associated with lower ICU admission. Age <15 years old, infection with influenza B, pre-existence of chronic diseases, and admission to Aden site were significantly associated with higher fatality rate among patients. In conclusion; SARI patients in Yemen had a high ICU admission and case-fatality rates. Influenza type B, chronic diseases, and admission to Aden site are associated with higher fatality rate. Expanding surveillance sites and panel of laboratory tests to involve other pathogens will help to provide accurate diagnosis for SARI etiology and give more comprehensive picture. Training staff for SARI case management will help to reduce severe outcomes.

Emerging Human Metapneumovirus Gene Duplication Variants in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection, China, 2017–2019

“…Overall, 83.2% (849/1021) of SARI patients were positive for > 1 respiratory viruses; human adenovirus was the predominant virus identified, at 22% (225/1021). HMPV was identified in 7.1% (72/1021) of SARI patients, consistent with other studies that identified HMPV in 6%–12% of SARI cases ( 12 , 13 ). The proportion of HMPV-positive patients with co-detected respiratory viruses was 63.9% (46/72).…”

Assessing the epidemiology and seasonality of influenza among children under two hospitalized in Amman, Jordan, 2010‐2013

“…Influenza A/H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 were the most predominant subtypes throughout the study period, with influenza B primarily co‐circulating in the 2012‐2013 winter season. The subtypes we identified circulating over the 3 years are consistent with other population‐based surveillance studies in the MENA region and Northern Hemisphere 4,13‐15 . In a 6‐year sentinel surveillance study in Jordan of all ages, influenza A H3N2 predominately circulated in 2011‐2012 and H1N1pdm09 was more common in 2012‐2013 4 .…”

A review on disease burden and epidemiology of childhood parainfluenza virus infections in Asian countries

“…Search strategy used for the articles selected for the review based on the literature from PubMed and PubMed central using the key words given in Section 2 10‐68 …”