Seven basic dimensions of personality pathology and their clinical consequences: Are all personalities equally harmful?

Abstract

We examine only a handful of clinical outcomes. Our results may not be generalizable to other clinical or life outcomes. Our variables are self-reported and hence susceptible to bias. Our design does not allow us to establish causal relationships between personality and clinical outcomes.

Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants

“…Further difficulty for the spectrum account is that scoring high on neuroticism prospectively predicts lower romantic and occupational success, subjective wellbeing, longevity, and higher frequency of mental and general health service use (Hills & Argyle, 2001;Ozer & Benet-Martínez, 2006;Roberts et al 2007;Steel et al 2008;Lahey, 2009), among others. The spectrum model cannot account for individual differences in personal resources and contextual factors that may result in the eventual non-expression of mental health problems (Duckworth et al 2005;van der Krieke et al 2015), or the natural course and dynamics of personality developmentamong which a normative decrease in neuroticism of d = 0.77 towards middle age (see Roberts et al 2006), nor the bidirectional relationships between neuroticism and symptoms (Ormel et al 2013(Ormel et al , 2014.…”

“…Lahey et al 2011). This underscores the need for research designs that can account for both inter-individual and intra-individual variance, such as experience sampling, which may help answer questions about processes that underlie the neuroticism-psychopathology link (Molenaar, 2008;van der Krieke et al 2015).…”

“…Fried et al 2014;Fried & Nesse, 2015). Research at this level of granularity may therefore also advance the development of personalized prevention and treatment strategies (Borsboom & Cramer, 2013;van der Krieke et al 2015), which can impact both high neuroticism and CMD episodes (Barlow & Nock, 2009;Lahey, 2009;Ormel et al 2013).…”

Effects of Suvorexant, a Dual Orexin/Hypocretin Receptor Antagonist, on Impulsive Behavior Associated with Cocaine

“…Defined as a tendency to engage in behaviors without forethought (Evenden, 1999), impulsivity is apparent across psychiatric diagnostic categories and can lead to poorer outcomes in patients with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders (de Wit, 2009;Kessler et al, 2014;Lopez-Torrecillas et al, 2014;Swann, 2010;Vall et al, 2015). The putative relationship between motivated behavior and orexin transmission support targeting orexin receptors for therapeutic intervention.…”

Validation of the schema mode concept in personality disordered offenders

“…Finally, we used categorical scores for personality pathology assessed by the SNAP-FV. Some scholars have challenged the categorical construct of personality pathology and haveinsteadsuggested a dimensional model of personality (Clark, 2007;Livesley & Jackson, 2009;Vall et al, 2015). Because dimension-based conceptualization may be much more useful, future studies should analyse personality dimensions and schema modes.…”