Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants

Jeronimus, Bertus F.; Kotov, Roman; Riese, Harriëtte; Ormel, Johan

doi:10.1017/s0033291716001653

Cited by 277 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Interestingly, an association between ELAB and the incidence of CVD was previously identified in longitudinal analyses ( [6]) and thus may suggest a common genetic basis of both. Concerning the longitudinal associations of high ELAB scores with both depressive and anxiety symptoms, observed in the present study, confirm the well-known clinical importance of this Neuroticism-like phenotype [38], and are in line with meta-analyses of longitudinal studies of Neuroticism [39,40].…”

Section: Emotional Labilitysupporting

confidence: 91%

“The Heidelberg Five” Personality Dimensions: Genome-wide Associations, Polygenic Risk for Neuroticism, and Psychopathology 20 Years after Assessment

Heilbronner

Papiol

Budde

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The HeiDE study (''Heidelberger Langzeitstudie zu Risikofaktoren und Diagnose chronischer Erkrankungen'') is a longitudinal population-based study that started in the 1990s and, at baseline, assessed an array of health-related personality questionnaires in 5 133 individuals. Five latent personality dimensions (The Heidelberg Five) were identified and interpreted as Emotional Lability (ELAB), Lack of Behavioral Control (LBCN), Type A Behavior (TYAB), Locus of Control over Disease (LOCC), and Psychoticism (PSYC). A subset of participants (n=3 268; after quality control) were genotyped on whole-genome arrays at follow-up. To further characterize The Heidelberg Five, we analyzed genomic underpinnings, their relations to the genetic basis of the Big Five trait Neuroticism, and longitudinal associations with lifetime psychiatric symptoms. SNP-based heritability was significant for ELAB (34%) and LBCN (29%). Five separate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using factor scores on personality dimensions as phenotypes were conducted, only the phenotype PSYC yielded a genome-wide significant finding (p<5×10 -8 , top SNP rs138223660). Gene-based analyses identified significant findings for ELAB (Integrin Subunit Beta 5), TYAB (Coiled-coil Domain Containing 83), and PSYC (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 4). Polygenic risk scores for Neuroticism, phenotypically related to ELAB, were associated with ELAB, but not with the remaining Heidelberg Five. Longitudinally, all personality dimensions were related to depressive symptoms at follow-up, with ELAB, LBCN, and PSYC also associated with lifetime anxiety symptoms. These results highlight the clinical importance of healthrelated personality traits, and identify LBCN as a heritable "executive function" personality trait.

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Section: Emotional Labilitysupporting

confidence: 91%

“The Heidelberg Five” Personality Dimensions: Genome-wide Associations, Polygenic Risk for Neuroticism, and Psychopathology 20 Years after Assessment

Heilbronner

Papiol

Budde

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Effect sizes, calculated by dividing the adjusted estimated mean difference between the groups by the pooled standard deviation (Cohen, 1988, p.44), were 0.43 for mental functioning and 0.46 for physical functioning (first-onset MDD group), and especially large in the severe subgroup (0.66 for mental functioning; 0.69 for physical functioning). These effect sizes are slightly larger than those found for the average prospective association between neuroticism and depression, one of the most notorious risk factors for depression (Jeronimus et al 2016). Functional limitations following remission from depression thus presumably reflect preexisting vulnerabilities rather than scars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Functioning before and after a major depressive episode: pre-existing vulnerability or scar? A prospective three-wave population-based study

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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Background. The vulnerability hypothesis suggests that impairments after remission of depressive episodes reflect a pre-existing vulnerability, while the scar hypothesis proposes that depression leaves residual impairments that confer risk of subsequent episodes. We prospectively examined vulnerability and scar effects in mental and physical functioning in a representative Dutch population sample. Methods. Three waves were used from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2, a population-based study with a 6-years follow-up. Mental and physical functioning were assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36). Major depressive disorder (MDD) was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Vulnerability effects were examined by comparing healthy controls (n = 2826) with individuals who developed a first-onset depressive episode during first follow-up but did not have a lifetime diagnosis of MDD at baseline (n = 181). Scarring effects were examined by comparing pre-and post-morbid functioning in individuals who developed a depressive episode after baseline that was remitted at the third wave (n = 108).Results. Both mental (B = −5.4, S.E. = 0.9, p < 0.001) and physical functioning (B = −8.2, S.E. = 1.1, p < 0.001) at baseline were lower in individuals who developed a first depressive episode after baseline compared with healthy controls. This effect was most pronounced in people who developed a severe episode. No firm evidence of scarring in mental or physical functioning was found. In unadjusted analyses, physical functioning was still lowered post-morbidly (B = −5.1, S.E. = 2.1, p = 0.014), but this effect disappeared in adjusted analyses. Conclusions. Functional impairments after remission of depression seem to reflect a preexisting vulnerability rather than a scar.

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“…It is worth noting that anxiety symptoms are common and normal in the general population and this does not mean that all these people have undiagnosed anxiety disorders. Because there are some people who are high on neuroticism [23,24] that will regularly report feelings of anxiety, but are still functioning and “healthy”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Anxiety-Related Postings on Sina Weibo

Tian

Batterham

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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This study examines anxiety-related postings on Sina Weibo to gain insight into social networking about mental health. The themes of a random sample of anxiety-related postings (n = 1000) were assessed. The disclosure of anxiety was the most common theme. The prevalence of anxiety was higher in certain areas where the economy is stronger than others, and the people living there suffered from more stress. Users who talked about feeling anxious tended to be more active on social media during leisure hours and less active during work hours. Our findings may be developed to detect and help individuals who may suffer from anxiety disorders at a low cost.

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Neuroticism's prospective association with mental disorders halves after adjustment for baseline symptoms and psychiatric history, but the adjusted association hardly decays with time: a meta-analysis on 59 longitudinal/prospective studies with 443 313 participants

Cited by 277 publications

References 138 publications

“The Heidelberg Five” Personality Dimensions: Genome-wide Associations, Polygenic Risk for Neuroticism, and Psychopathology 20 Years after Assessment

“The Heidelberg Five” Personality Dimensions: Genome-wide Associations, Polygenic Risk for Neuroticism, and Psychopathology 20 Years after Assessment

Functioning before and after a major depressive episode: pre-existing vulnerability or scar? A prospective three-wave population-based study

An Analysis of Anxiety-Related Postings on Sina Weibo

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