Settling in solid-liquid systems with specific application to liquid phase sintering

Niemi, A. N.; Courtney, T. H.

doi:10.1016/0001-6160(83)90009-3

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Compact swelling due to pore formation at prior particle sites is observed if the liquid forming particles Fig. 15 Plots of the solid volume fraction versus height from the top surface for dilute LPS systems of Fe-Cu [48] and W-Ni [49]. These results show grain packing over the relative height of the compact gives self-compression to the denser solid phase.…”

Section: Volume Fractionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This is illustrated in Fig. 15 by plotting the solid fraction versus depth in free-settled Fe-Cu [48] and W-Ni [49]; the latter has a much higher solidliquid density difference (7.8 g/cm 3 ) that gives more solid grain compression with depth. The lowest solid content measured in both systems is about 35 vol.%, corresponding to about two contacts per grain.…”

Section: Volume Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: liquid phase sintering

2009

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Liquid phase sintering (LPS) is a process for forming high performance, multiple-phase components from powders. It involves sintering under conditions where solid grains coexist with a wetting liquid. Many variants of LPS are applied to a wide range of engineering materials. Example applications for this technology are found in automobile engine connecting rods and high-speed metal cutting inserts. Scientific advances in understanding LPS began in the 1950s. The resulting quantitative process models are now embedded in computer simulations to enable predictions of the sintered component dimensions, microstructure, and properties. However, there are remaining areas in need of research attention. This LPS review, based on over 2,500 publications, outlines what happens when mixed powders are heated to the LPS temperature, with a focus on the densification and microstructure evolution events.

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Section: Volume Fractionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Volume Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: liquid phase sintering

2009

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“…[31] Several expressions were curve fit to determine the general relationship between the critical coordination number and the dihedral angle in order to best predict the threshold between structural rigidity and viscous flow. An exponential relationship given by N* ϭ 24.72 exp (Ϫ1.485 ) [4] c where is in radians gave the best overall correlation to the experimental data. This equation is plotted in Figure 11 along with the experimental microgravity data and existing ground-based data for higher dihedral angles.…”

Section: Dihedral Anglementioning

confidence: 86%

“…Links among these microstructural parameters have been established based on models and ground-based experiments. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]20,21] The present microgravity data provide an opportunity to test these relationships and correlate them to macrostructural distortion.…”

Section: A Distortionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural effects on distortion and solid-liquid segregation during liquid phase sintering under microgravity conditions

Johnson¹,

Upadhyaya

German

1998

Metall Mater Trans B

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Tungsten heavy alloys with compositions ranging from 78 to 98 wt pct tungsten were liquid phase sintered at 1507 ЊC under microgravity conditions for 120 minutes. The sintered microstructures were quantitatively measured for solid volume fraction, grain size, connectivity, and contiguity. Links between these microstructural parameters were analyzed and compared to previously derived empirical equations. The macrostructures of the samples were also quantified and correlated to the underlying microstructures. Critical values of solid volume fraction, contiguity, and connectivity required for free-standing structural rigidity were defined for various degrees of bond rigidity as represented by the dihedral angle. The results are used to predict the degree of solid-liquid segregation due to density differences between the solid and the liquid.

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“…[4] The volume fractions. [1][2][3][4][5] When such structures contain a solid present article supplies experimental evidence supporting phase having density greater than the liquid phase, sedimenthis view. Since many of the results described here devolve tation is first manifested by the formation of a liquid head on an appreciation of how long-range liquid concentration above the solid-plus-liquid region (the mushy zone).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrosegregation and sedimentation in liquid-phase sintering

Courtney

2001

Metall Mater Trans A

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Macrosegregation has been observed in a series of Pb-Sn alloys isothermally treated in an ␣ ϩ L (or ␤ ϩ L) two-phase region. Depending on the alloy composition, the Pb-rich ␣ (or the Sn-rich ␤) solid phase quickly settles (or floats) to the bottom (or top) of the crucible as the alloy is heated into the solid-plus-liquid two-phase region. This settling or floating persists until such time as a skeletal solid structure is formed at the crucible bottom or top. The skeleton (the "mushy" zone) resembles liquidphase-sintered structures; that is, it consists of interconnected solid and liquid phases. The initial settling can give rise to macrosegregation. Elimination of macrosegregation requires substantial time and is accompanied by a reduction in length of the mushy zone, giving rise to apparent sedimentation of this zone. We argue that this sedimentation results from the compositional readjustments accompanying macrosegregation elimination. On this basis, it appears that many observations of sedimentation in liquid-phase-sintered structures are due to these readjustments.

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Settling in solid-liquid systems with specific application to liquid phase sintering

Cited by 46 publications

References 7 publications

Review: liquid phase sintering

Review: liquid phase sintering

Microstructural effects on distortion and solid-liquid segregation during liquid phase sintering under microgravity conditions

Macrosegregation and sedimentation in liquid-phase sintering

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