Settlements in an Arctic Resource Frontier Region

Academia in Svalbard: an increasingly important role for research and education as tools for Norwegian policy

“…Coal mining developed after 1900 and required year-round presence (Hacquebord & Avango 2009). To produce coal from the relatively rich and easily accessible coal deposits, five more or less permanent villages were established in Svalbard: Ny-Ålesund (Norwegian), Pyramiden (Russian), Longyearbyen (Norwegian), Svea (Norwegian) and Barentsburg (Russian) (Arlov 2007; Fig.…”

The Dutch whalers: a test of a human migration in the oxygen, carbon and nitrogen isotopes of cortical bone collagen

“…The observations from this voyage and the report of large numbers of whales residing in the Arctic waters around the archipelago led to the emergence of Dutch whaling in this region at the start of the seventeenth century (Proulx 1986). Competition and conflicts with the British sent the whalers of the newly formed Northern Company (Noordsche Companie) to concentrate their whaling efforts in the bays of north-west Spitsbergen (Hacquebord and Avango 2009). Whaling stations were erected along the coast with permanent seasonal wooden dwellings and furnaces to melt blubber (Hacquebord and Avango 2009;Martens 1855Martens [1694, 23).…”

“…Competition and conflicts with the British sent the whalers of the newly formed Northern Company (Noordsche Companie) to concentrate their whaling efforts in the bays of north-west Spitsbergen (Hacquebord and Avango 2009). Whaling stations were erected along the coast with permanent seasonal wooden dwellings and furnaces to melt blubber (Hacquebord and Avango 2009;Martens 1855Martens [1694, 23). The largest and best documented of these Dutch whaling stations is Smeerenberg, which was founded in 1619 on Amsterdam Island (Conway 1906;Proulx 1986).…”

Media and the Politics of Arctic Climate Change

“…Companies from only two nations have been involved in mining for energy resources on Spitsbergen during this period -Norway and the Soviet Union/Russia. These companies operated several large-scale coal mines each, some of which are still in production (Hacquebord and Avango, 2009). …”