Set‐Shifting and its Relation to Clinical and Personality Variables in Full Recovery of Anorexia Nervosa

Abstract

Our study supports the findings of inefficiencies in set-shifting after full recovery from AN. Higher perfectionism in the recAN group is associated with better set-shifting ability, whereas higher perfectionism in the healthy control group is related to worse set-shifting ability.

Enduring Changes in Decision Making in Patients with Full Remission from Anorexia Nervosa

“…Another study, however, failed to find any differences in delay discounting between patients with AN, weight‐recovered AN patients and patients after short‐term weight restoration (Ritschel et al, ). Longitudinal studies are direly needed to determine whether such deficits are present prior to the development of AN and to confirm the trait or state nature of these dysfunctions (Lindner, Fichter & Quadflieg, ).…”

Residual eating disorder symptoms and clinical features in remitted and recovered eating disorder patients: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

“…In terms of executive functions, AN patients in remission underperformed compared to healthy controls in tasks involving visual perception, decision making, memory, social cognition network, and in set shifting (Holliday, Tchanturia, Landau, Collier, & Treasure, 2005;Buehren et al, 2011;McAdams & Krawczyk, 2011: Danner et al, 2012Heled, Hoofien, Bachner-Melman, Bachar, & Ebstein, 2014;Lindner et al, 2014;Talbot et al, 2015;Steward et al, 2016) or showed no significant change after recovery (Bodell et al, 2014;Nikendei et al, 2011). In terms of executive functions, AN patients in remission underperformed compared to healthy controls in tasks involving visual perception, decision making, memory, social cognition network, and in set shifting (Holliday, Tchanturia, Landau, Collier, & Treasure, 2005;Buehren et al, 2011;McAdams & Krawczyk, 2011: Danner et al, 2012Heled, Hoofien, Bachner-Melman, Bachar, & Ebstein, 2014;Lindner et al, 2014;Talbot et al, 2015;Steward et al, 2016) or showed no significant change after recovery (Bodell et al, 2014;Nikendei et al, 2011).…”

“…In AN, weight-restored or recovered AN patients showed higher depression, anxiety, body image anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology compared to healthy controls or were found to not differ significantly from acutely ill AN patients is numerous studies (Bamford et al, 2014;Bang et al, 2016;Brockmeyer et al, 2012;Buehren et al, 2011;Danner et al, 2012;Frank et al, 2013;Friederich et al, 2012;Harper et al, 2017;Harrison, Tchanturia, & Treasure, 2011;Haynos et al, 2014;Holtkamp, Müller Remitted AN patients compared to healthy controls exhibited dysfunctional personality traits such as greater perfectionism, compulsivity, a tendency toward inhibition (restricted expression and intimacy problems), trait anxiousness, and affective liability, punishment sensitivity, and harm avoidance (Danner et al, 2012;Friederich et al, 2012;Lindner et al, 2014;Shott et al, 2016;Yau et al, 2013). However, in one study, obsessive-compulsive traits and impulsiveness in fully recovered AN did not differ significantly from healthy controls (Lindner et al, 2014).…”

Research Review: What we have learned about the causes of eating disorders – a synthesis of sociocultural, psychological, and biological research

“…Research consistently demonstrates impaired performance on cognitive flexibility tasks (e.g., Trail Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) in ill adults with AN, compared to controls, with a recent meta‐analysis reporting a moderate overall effect size for AN (i.e., Hedges’ g = .44; Wu et al., ) . Furthermore, there is some evidence to suggest that cognitive flexibility deficits persist into recovery from AN (i.e., ill‐AN > recovered‐AN > controls; Lindner, Fichter, & Quadflieg, ; Roberts, Tchanturia, & Treasure, ; Shott et al., ; Steinglass, Walsh, & Stern, ; Tchanturia et al., ; Tenconi et al., ). However, small, non‐significant differences in children and adolescents with AN, compared to controls (meta‐analytic d 's = −.005–.20; Lang, Stahl, Espie, Treasure, & Tchanturia, ), suggest that cognitive flexibility deficits may reflect starvation or duration of illness in AN.…”