“…While critical feasibility milestones were demonstrated such as integration with aperiodic servo patterns 29 and magnetic recording demonstrations 19,30 at densities ranging from 1-2 Tdot/in 2 (Figure 1d-e), other challenges loomed large for BPM technology. Ultimately, the lithographic difficulties to fabricate skinnier, longer bit cells with higher aspect ratios 19 to boost drive performance, integration challenges, cost pressures, a shifting market landscape, and the advent of other technologies such as three-dimensional flash and heatassisted magnetic recording 31 all contributed to deprioritization of BPM.…”