Service Science

Spohrer, Jim; Anderson, Laura; Pass, Norman J.; Ager, Tryg; Gruhl, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s10723-007-9096-2

Cited by 78 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…SS is expected to providing theories and methods from many different disciplines to study the service as phenomenon (Spohrer et al, 2008). We build on the state of art, where the concept service is already in use, namely in business and IT, to capture: (i) some service intrinsic, core conceptual properties, including at least its structure, behavior and semantics, and (ii) usages, utilities, and in-sourcing.…”

Section: Service Science (Ss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multifaceted Web Services Architecture: Toward a Meta-Service Framework for Service and Composition Development

Baghdadi¹

2014

CIS

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SOA is an architectural style that promotes solutions, especially service-based applications to support flexible business processes, where services are loosely coupled and interoperable components. Many methods have been developed in industry and academia. Yet the comparison frameworks show that these methods neither comply with SOA nor service orientation principles. Therefore, we need theoretical frameworks to guide developing methods and processes. A meta-service framework, representing the relationships between all the elements of a multifaceted services stack from different perspectives, would guide a development process. We propose an architecture made up of four interrelated facets that are: (F1) service contract description, (F2) modernization of legacy applications and databases, (F3) deployment and management, and (F4) service based applications by composition, including orchestration and choreography. Each facet is considered as a level of abstraction that is concreted into a phase of the process.

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Section: Service Science (Ss)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multifaceted Web Services Architecture: Toward a Meta-Service Framework for Service and Composition Development

Baghdadi¹

2014

CIS

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“…The T-SP have better communication, teaming, and project experience than an I-SP, and hence are more highly valued in industry. The type of T-SP that SSMED as an emerging discipline seeks to graduate is summarized in Figure 4 below (see also Spohrer, Anderson, Pass, Ager, and Gruhl, 2007;Spohrer and Kwan, 2009;Spohrer and Maglio 2010 …”

Section: Recommendation: the Shape Of Professionals To Comementioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated SS-VSA Analysis of Changing Job Roles

et al. 2010

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This paper presents a first attempt at an integrated Service Science (SS) and Viable Systems Approach (VSA) analysis of the real-world phenomenon of changing jobs roles. Changing job roles is important to quality of life and yet understudied by systems scientists. Today, individuals changing jobs multiple times during their working life is the norm. The average person born in the later years of the US baby boom held 10.8 jobs from age 18 to age 42 (BLS [BLS 2008. Number of jobs held, labor market activity, and earnings growth among the youngest baby boomers: Results from a longitudinal survey. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. USDL 08-0860. URL: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/nlsoy.pdf]). The viability of societal systems depends on both entities changing job roles offered and individuals changing job roles filled (Spohrer and Maglio, [Spohrer, J. C., Maglio, P. P. 2010b. Toward a Science of Service Systems: Value and Symbols. In The Handbook of Service Science, Maglio, P. P., Kieliszewski, C. A., Spohrer, J. C., Springer, New York, NY.]). Societal systems interact with their environment via individuals in job roles, and the behaviors and dynamics of these diverse types of viable systems are not easy to explain and predict (Beer, [Beer, S. 1972. Brain of the firm. The managerial cybernetics of organization. The Penguin Press.]). Both Service Science (SS) and Viable Systems Approach (VSA) can be seen as less well known specializations of General Systems Theory (von Bertalanffy, [von Bertalanffy, L. 1968. General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications. George Braziller, New York.], Spohrer and Kwan, [Spohrer, J., Kwan, S. K. 2009. Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Design (SSMED): An Emerging Discipline – Outline & References. Int. Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector, 1(3).], Barile [Barile, S. 2009. Management sistemico vitale. Giappichelli, Torino.], Golinelli, [Golinelli, G. M. 2010. Viable Systems Approach (VSA). Governing Business dynamics. Kluwer, Cedam, Padova.]). Like General Systems Theory, these emerging analytic frameworks advocate a worldview and specialized vocabulary that provide a framework for analysis and decision making. Also, these nascent analytic frameworks aim to improve our understanding of complex systems and improve their design. By refining the concept of the identity of a system from SS and VSA perspectives, the contributions of this paper include providing an abstract framework for enumerating all job roles and transitions between job roles as well as a practical recommendation to prepare a next-generation of individuals to compete better in a world of accelerating job role change. Specifically, our analysis of changing job roles will result in a recommendation for increasing the ratio of T-Shaped Professionals (T-SP possess both broad communication skills and deep problem solving skills) to I-Shaped Professional (I-SP possess only deep problem solving skills) in the labor force of nations and businesses to improve their viability in a complex environment of accelerating change (Donofrio et al. [Donofrio, N., Sanchez, C., Spohrer, J. 2010. Collaborative Innovation and Service Systems: Implications for Institutions and Disciplines, in Holistic Engineering Education, Edited by Domenico Grasso.]). [Service Science, ISSN 2164-3962 (print), ISSN 2164-3970 (online), was published by Services Science Global (SSG) from 2009 to 2011 as issues under ISBN 978-1-4276-2090-3.]

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“…Moreover, since service systems are an observable and evolving phenomena, subject to the dynamics of the economic world, the development of a science of service, replete with its own frameworks, models, and theories, is an essential element in a total world view. (Spohrer 2007a) Epistemologically, there exists a conceptual service universe in which observable services and service systems operate. One can view this service universe in a manner similar to which we view the physical universe described by physics and chemistry.…”

Section: Service Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Spohrer 2007a) Thus, measurement and analysis is required to assess both individual service interactions and the cumulative result of a set of service interactions. The basic tenet of service delivery is the following.…”

Section: Service Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Principles Of Service Systems: An Ontological Approach

Katzan

2009

JSS

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SERVICE CONCEPTShe basic concepts of service, service systems, and service science have been well-developed. (Sampson and Froehle 2006, Maglio and Zysman 2007, and Katzan 2008b To fully benefit from the service perspective, however, an ontological foundation is required to facilitate communication among researchers and assist with the ongoing theoretical and pragmatic development of the discipline. To some extent, an ontology is dependant upon a particular point of view, and this paper seeks to identify a set of rigid descriptors that link to the various underlying concepts. We are going to take the view that a comprehensive depiction of the application domain is as important in service ontology as is the taxonomy used to describe it. ServiceIn a widely distributed paper on the science of service, Spohrer and associates (Spohrer 2007b) give several characteristics of an elementary service event: customer participation, simultaneity, perishability, intangibility, and heterogeneity. Customer participation refers to the co-production of the service experience and the co-creation of service value. Simultaneity denotes the fact that a service is produced and consumed simultaneously. Perishability refers to time perishable capacity from the provider"s viewpoint and opportunity loss from the client"s perspective. Intangibility normally denotes the obvious fact that goods are not produced by a service event. Lastly, heterogeneity refers to the variation in a service from client to client and from provider to provider, along with the recognition that a service system is a complex system that can be mediated by information technology. This seemingly simple definition belies the complexity of the situation, since there is a multiplicity of service definitions, based on existential considerations. A service is a socially constructed temporal event, and within that domain, an objectivist view of the subject matter is adopted. Service exists and possesses an implicit lifecycle comprised of design, development, analysis, and implementation, similar in nature to most technical innovations. Specificity will be added to the service lifecycle model in a later section. Moreover, a service evolves and is subject to descriptive and nominative modalities. As with traditional social activities, a service can be analyzed and measured. In fact, a service is an economic entity that possesses demonstrable value to the participants, in particular, and to organizations and society, as a whole. 1 The tangible/intangible terminology is unfortunate. In this instance, tangible implies a product. and intangible denotes a service. In later sections, tangible denotes demonstrable value, and intangible implies an affective state of awareness that differs between individuals.T

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Service Science

Cited by 78 publications

References 10 publications

A Multifaceted Web Services Architecture: Toward a Meta-Service Framework for Service and Composition Development

A Multifaceted Web Services Architecture: Toward a Meta-Service Framework for Service and Composition Development

An Integrated SS-VSA Analysis of Changing Job Roles

Principles Of Service Systems: An Ontological Approach

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