Service and training in a clinical psychology unit in a Veterans Administration neuropsychiatric hospital.

Pennington, L. A.; Timm, Oreon K.

doi:10.1037/h0063361

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Throughout this history, the challenge for psychologists to find time and other resources with which to engage in research was another common theme. Research was, from early years, framed as an activity done with one’s “free time” (Wechsler, 1944), as difficult to implement due to time and resource constraints generally (Bernard, 1992; Pennington & Timm, 1949), with some indication of administrators being skeptical about its practical value (Cotzin, 1951). Hard data on the numbers of hospital psychologists engaged in research is largely lacking, though it is clear that there are many prominent psychologist researchers, past and present, whose work was and is closely associated with hospitals (e.g., David Wechsler, Brenda Milner).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnostic and functional assessment roles burgeoned during World War II where psychologists led the screening, diagnosis, and aptitude testing of many thousands of recruits (Mitchell, 1944; Seidenfeld, 1944a) with some noting the challenge of balancing thorough testing with the volumes of assessments required (Stevens, 1944). This emphasis continued in subsequent years, addressing the large volumes of veterans needing treatment (Challman, 1947; Pennington & Timm, 1949) with historical commentary noting steady increase in the importance of diagnostic testing through the mid-20th century (Ives, 1970). This period also was one in which psychologists began building out their scope of practice beyond solely assessment (Brannon & Waites, 1955; Shearn, 1966), with some noting that pure testing was more a function of a psychometrist (Cotzin, 1951).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the level of preparation required for hospital practice, early papers tended to emphasize the need for advanced training such as at least master’s-level preparation but ideally a doctorate due to the complex nature of the work (e.g., Seidenfeld, 1944a). Others advocated for stepped care models either through interns (Pennington & Timm, 1949) or through paraprofessionals (Holland, 1998). Clinical training aside, a common theme throughout this literature was the general lack of training in administrative and hospital context areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One example is the articulation of stepped care models. While stepped care mod-els have a long history in the field (Holland, 1998;Pennington & Timm, 1949), they are particularly salient now when most systems can afford few doctoral-level practitioners. This is not straightforward as there are some well-grounded concerns that poor outcomes could result from inadequately attending to the scope of practice of master's-level clinicians, especially given the variability of masters-level preparation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of the psychology literature addressing hospital practice.

Kidd

Styron

2020

American Psychologist

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Hospitals, with their unique practice constraints and opportunities, are one of the most important arenas wherein the field of clinical psychology has developed throughout its history. However, there have been few efforts to comprehensively examine the literature on this topic. This is a literature worth examining, not only out of historical interest but also in the effort to provide direction for the field. Accordingly, systematic, scoping review methods were used to address the question: What does the psychology literature tell us about the nature and evolution of psychology practice in hospitals? The review identified 115 papers on this topic dating from 1916 -2017, primarily in the form of practice commentaries and case studies. Analysis of the papers revealed 2 broad themes. One involved the nature of hospital practice, which concentrated on the major domains of assessment, psychotherapy and research activities along with issues related to training. The second involved structural and policy-related considerations such as cost-effectiveness and reimbursement models, leadership, the structure of practice, relationship to physicians, and hospital privileges. Implications of the review include the need for better data on the hospital practices of psychologists and continued work on role definition and the unique value of psychology. Other implications include direction for training models, practice models such as stepped care and a compromise between program and department-based management, privileges, and mental health reform.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of the psychology literature addressing hospital practice.

Kidd

Styron

2020

American Psychologist

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“…And to make doubly certain that success is early encountered, the patient is characteristically assigned to an activity one step lower than the code demands. In this way success is assured and "promotion" is rapid (40,57).…”

Section: Patient Need and Therapeutic Activity Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitative approaches.

Pennington¹

An Introduction to Clinical Psychology, 2nd Ed.

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A HE MODERN concept of rehabilitation has had a relatively short history. For centuries the term carried an ethical and moral connotation inasmuch as it referred to the legal "re-establishment of one's good name" (54). With the turn of the twentieth century, however, the concept was altered and extended in two directions. In the first is found the contribution by Louis Pasteur who, by virtue of his eminence, laid down a pattern of thinking on the subject still encountered in Europe. He noted that large numbers of people were too disabled to obtain apprenticeships in their chosen occupations. A corrective program accordingly initiated in France in 1907 led to the establishment of special schools for vocational re-education. Europeans still equate the concept of rehabilitation with these extensive retraining programs.Of late in America the concept has been broadened in a second direction, especially during World War II when the Selective Service Act and subsequent manpower shortages forced local, state, and federal social agencies (as epitomized by the Baruch Report, 61) to give attention to rehabilitation as a corrective measure. This impetus was furthered by the return throughout the period of the-war-injured. This second view thus implies a concept of treatment that combines medical, psychological, educational, sociological, and vocational methods whereby the disabled-either physically, mentally, or both-acquires "maximum independence commensurate with limitations" (54). In this latter sense, then, the relatively modern concept of rehabilitation is best paraphrased as a re-enablement program 1 in which specialists from many disciplines so arrange the therapeutic facilities that the patient does re-achieve some degree of independence within the limits set by the residuals of his condition. This broad, all-inclusive approach focuses attention upon the development and use of techniques, many of them psychological in nature, by means of which the patient is so treated as to regain a modicum of competence sufficient for his restoration to com-

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Recent Literature on Careers in Psychology

Dudycha

1950

Occupations: The Vocational Guidance Journal

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Service and training in a clinical psychology unit in a Veterans Administration neuropsychiatric hospital.

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

A systematic review of the psychology literature addressing hospital practice.

A systematic review of the psychology literature addressing hospital practice.

Rehabilitative approaches.

Recent Literature on Careers in Psychology

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