Rehabilitative approaches.

Abstract

A HE MODERN concept of rehabilitation has had a relatively short history. For centuries the term carried an ethical and moral connotation inasmuch as it referred to the legal "re-establishment of one's good name" (54). With the turn of the twentieth century, however, the concept was altered and extended in two directions. In the first is found the contribution by Louis Pasteur who, by virtue of his eminence, laid down a pattern of thinking on the subject still encountered in Europe. He noted that large numbers of people were too disabled to obtain apprenticeships in their chosen occupations. A corrective program accordingly initiated in France in 1907 led to the establishment of special schools for vocational re-education. Europeans still equate the concept of rehabilitation with these extensive retraining programs.Of late in America the concept has been broadened in a second direction, especially during World War II when the Selective Service Act and subsequent manpower shortages forced local, state, and federal social agencies (as epitomized by the Baruch Report, 61) to give attention to rehabilitation as a corrective measure. This impetus was furthered by the return throughout the period of the-war-injured. This second view thus implies a concept of treatment that combines medical, psychological, educational, sociological, and vocational methods whereby the disabled-either physically, mentally, or both-acquires "maximum independence commensurate with limitations" (54). In this latter sense, then, the relatively modern concept of rehabilitation is best paraphrased as a re-enablement program 1 in which specialists from many disciplines so arrange the therapeutic facilities that the patient does re-achieve some degree of independence within the limits set by the residuals of his condition. This broad, all-inclusive approach focuses attention upon the development and use of techniques, many of them psychological in nature, by means of which the patient is so treated as to regain a modicum of competence sufficient for his restoration to com-

Solving the Human Problem: Investigation of a Collaboration Culture

“…An appropriate response would be for the colleagues to take equal risk with the worker, or at least not to take advantage of his/her disadvantaged situation. Each positive answer results in the reinforcement or development of the worker's schemata [22], so that the worker is able to predict his/her colleagues' behaviours by the end of the process.…”

“…Workers can start building trust before interacting with their colleagues. They develop person schemata based on their colleagues' reputation, as expressed by calculus-base trust [21], and on their role schemata, which describe the expected behaviour corresponding to specific roles or profiles [22]. These schemata represent more the confidence of a worker to engage in a trusting relationship than the confidence that this relationship will be successful.…”